乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛地衣研究 Ⅰ.松萝属石萝亚属  

LICHENS FROM FILDES PENINSULA, KING GEORGE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA Ⅰ.THE GENUS USNEA SUBGENUS NEUROPOGON

作　　者：陈健斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《真菌学报》1996年第1期21-25,共5页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文扼要回顾了松萝属石萝亚属(Usnea subgenus Neuropogon)地衣研究简况,根据形态、化学、分布三者综合的现代地衣物种概念,确认南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛只存在两种石萝即南极石萝(Usnea antarctica)和簇花石萝(Usnea aurantiaco-atra)。除形态、化学特征描述外,详述了这两种石萝在菲尔德斯半岛的生境与分布特征。其中,在藓丛生境中的簇花石萝群体性状分化及其与石生群体性状的比较和讨论是文献中尚未见到的,而生长在木板上的南极石萝则属罕见,其平均生长速率估算为每年增长0.4—1.1mm。在化学上,这两种石萝均属于化学型Ⅰ和化学型Ⅲ,而化学型Ⅱ(含有norstictic,salazinic and usnic acids)不存在于该半岛的两种石萝中。A short review about the studies on Usnea subgenus Neuropogon (Nees & Flotow, emend Nyl. ) Jatta is given, and two Usnea species, U . antarctica and U. aurantiaco - atra belonging to subgenus Neuropogon from Fildes penin -sula, King George Island, Antarctica, are recognized and reported in the present paper. In addition to morphology and Chemistry, details of habitat and distribution characteristics for the two species in Fildes peninsula is stated. Divergent Characteristics of U. aurantiaco - atra populations growing amongst mosses were observed, disscused. Their characteristics differ from that of saxicolous populations in lacking holdfast and having longer and thinner decumbent thallus, and smaller apothecia or often lacking apothecia. It is also found that U. antarctica can grow on wood which was introduced into this peninsula about 23 years ago. The average growth rate on wood is estimated to be on increase of 0. 4- 1. 1mm in length per year. Chemically, U. antarctica and U . aurantiaco - atra from Filds Peninsula belong to chemotype Ⅰ with fumarprotocetraric and usnic acids or chemotype Ⅲ with unsic acid only. While Chemotype Ⅱ with norstictic, salazinic and usnic acids is absent in these two species in this area.

关 键 词：地衣 南极 菲尔德斯半岛 石萝亚属 松萝属 

分 类 号：Q949.340.9[生物学—植物学]