马先蒿属6个种的核型与进化研究  

STUDIES OF KARYOTYPE AND EVOLUTION OF SIX SPECIES IN GENUS PEDICULARIS LINN. (SCROPHULARIACEAE)

作　　者：黄荣福[1] 沈颂东[1] 卢学峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所

出　　处：《西北植物学报》1996年第1期73-80,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院生物分类特别支持费资助

摘　　要：分析和报道了马先蒿属（ＰｅｄｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓＬｉｎｎ．）分布于青藏高原东北部６个特有种的核型，并根据核型及其有关参数，分析和比较了该６种马先蒿核型的不对称性和相对进化程度。６个种的体细胞染色体数目都是２ｎ＝１６。核型分别为：绵德马先蒿Ｐ．ｐｉｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙａＭａｘｉｍ，核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝４ｍ＋１２ｓｍ，染色体相对长度组成２Ｌ＋６Ｍ２＋６Ｍ１＋２Ｓ，核型不对称系数Ａｓ·Ｋ＝６５．２９％，属于２Ａ型；青海马先蒿Ｐ．ｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉＭａｘｉｍ，Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝８ｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ＋２ｓ＋２ｔ，２Ｌ＋８Ｍ２＋２Ｍ１＋４Ｓ，Ａｓ·Ｋ＝６５．０２％，２Ｂ型；华马先蒿Ｐ．ｏｅｄｅｒｉＶａｈｌ．ｖａｒ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｍａｘｉｍ．）Ｈｕｒｕｓ．，Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝１２ｎ＋４ｓｍ，２Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋８Ｍ１＋２Ｓ，Ａｓ·Ｋ＝５９．８９％，２Ｂ型；粗野马先蒿Ｐ．ｒｕｄｉｓＭａｘｉｍ．，Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝４＋１０ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ，４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋２Ｓ，Ａｓ·Ｋ＝６８．１０％，２Ｂ型；甘肃马先蒿Ｐ．ｋａｎｓｕｅｎｓｉｓＭａｘｉｍ．ｓｕｂｓｐ．ｋａｎｓｕｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝６ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｔ，２Ｌ?The karyotypes of six endemic species of genus Pedicularis distributed in northeast Qinghai-Xizhan Plateau are analysed and repoted in this paper, and according to the karyotypes and theirs parameters, we have analysed and compared karyotypic asymmetry and its relative evolutive level for six species. The result shows that the 2n=16 is chromosome number of body cell for these six species. Their karyotype formulae (K)and chromosome component of relative length (C. RL) and the index of karyotypic asymmetry (As·K) are each presented as folows: Pedicularis pilostachya Maxim., K(2n)=16=4m+12sin, C. RL=2L+6M2+6M1+2S(Luo S. R., 1972), As·K=65.29% (Arano H., 1963 ), the karyotypic type belongs to ZA (Stebbins, 1971 ) ; P. przewalskii Maxim. , K (2n )=16=8m (SAT ) + 4sin + 2st+2t. C. RL=2L+8M2+2M1+4S, As·K= 65. 02%, the karyotypic type belongs to ZB; P. oederi Vahl. var. sinensis (Maxim. ) Hums., K(2n)= 16=12m+4sm, C. RL=2L+4M2+8M1+2S, As·k=59. 89%, bilongs to 1B; P. rudis Maxim., K (2n) =16+ 4m+ 10sm+2st, C. RL= 4L+4M2+6M1 +2S, As·K= 68. 10%, belongs to 2B; P. kansuensis Maxim. subsp. kansuensis, K (2n)= 16=6m+6sm+2t,C. RL=1L+ 6M2 +6M1 +2S, As·K= 68.92 %, bilongs to 2A; P. muscicola Maxim., K (2n)= 8m (SAT) +sin, C. RL= 2L+8M2+4M1 +2S, As·K= 62. 64%, bilongs to 2B. On the bases of karyotypes of six species and availeble data. we consider that the basic chromosome number of genus Pedicularis bave to be eigth (x=8). In a few species there is a polyploid. In conformity with the comprison of the karyotypes and asymmetry for above-mentioned six species, the evolutive level shown by karyotypic asymmetry have related with the evolution of corolla.

关 键 词：玄参科 马先蒿属 染色体组型 进化 

分 类 号：Q949.777.8[生物学—植物学]