湿地景观结构遥感动态变化分析  

A Study on the Dynamic Change of Mosaic Structure of Wetland Ecological Landscape Based on GIS and RS

作　　者：张志锋[1] 王丽华[2] 石爱军[1] 李建军[1] 陶蕾[1] 董雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护监测中心,北京100044 [2]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100037

出　　处：《地球信息科学》2006年第2期17-23,共7页Geo-information Science

基　　金：北京市科委项目(03-005-02)

摘　　要：景观镶嵌结构是景观异质性的重要表现,同时又是各种生态过程在不同尺度上作用的结果。本文以北京市野鸭湖湿地自然保护区为区域背景,以RS、GIS和GPS为技术手段,监测获取了1996-2002年研究区域湿地土地利用／土地覆盖景观空间格局变化,探讨了土地利用/土地覆盖景观空间格局变化对湿地环境的影响。故此,对1998- 2000年和2000-2002年湿地资源景观镶嵌结构的动态变化进行详细分析。结果表明:(1)利用遥感信息多尺度、多时相、多波段的特点,在GIS、GPS技术的支持下,能够快速及时准确地反映湿地景观类型的动态变化,为湿地资源监测、保护与利用提供科学依据。(2)借助景观生态学中的相关原理,通过景观空间格局计算模型解释不同类型湿地景观的分布、变化,剖析湿地景观演化机制,为湿地景观规划与评价服务。(3)分析认为,野鸭湖湿地景观格局发生了较大的变化,水域面积减少严重,耕地面积增长幅度不高,旅游用地和堤坝面积明显增加。(4)湖泊和沼泽草甸是控制和影响湿地景观格局的主体。野鸭湖整个湿地景观的破碎化程度降低,人类活动干扰湿地在不断减弱,湿地景观异质性在逐渐降低,斑块之间的连通性提高,生境斑块相互之间的隔离度大大减少,湿地景观趋向稳定。Landscape mosaic structure mainly refers to the distribution of patches, which are different in size and shape in space owing to the interaction of various ecological activities. The study on landscape mosaic structure provides valuable information for rationale management of the environmental resources and has been one of the key study areas in landscape ecology as a whole. This article firstly presents the dynamic change of land-use/land cover landscape in the last 6 years in Widgeon Lake wetland based on RS,GIS and GPS and discusses its environmental effect on wetland. And then based upon which, through selecting indices such as patch size, fractal dimension, fragmentation, diversity and dominance index, etc., it gives a detailed analysis of the change of wetland resources landscape mosaic structure in the last 4 years, supported by RS image with high spatial resolution. Widgeon wetland located in the range of 115°47＇-115°54＇E and 40°25＇-40°30＇N covers an area of 10000 hm^2. Satellite imageries of different years, Landsat TM in 1996, Landsat ETM in 2002, Indian IRS in 2000 and 1：30 000 infrared color aerial photograph in 2001 were used to analyze the dynamic change of land use/land cover landscape and wetland landscape mosaic structure in this study area. For the images captured approximately in the same season, the change detection error introduced by mere seasonal difference was minimized. Following the interactive interpretation procedure, the distribution map of land use/land cover landscape in 1996 and 2002 and wetland landscape in 1998, 2000 and 2002 were obtained, which were geometrically registered to a common map projection. Software Arc View 3.3, MiragePro5.5 , PCI 8.2 and Excel 2000 were employed in the work. The study shows that the number of wetland resources patches in 2002 decreased by 48.5% compared with that in 1998, the index of the fractal dimension of the whole wetland landscape patches decreased from 1.464 in 1998 to 1.426 in 2002 and the index of fragmentation decrease

关 键 词：GIS 景观镶嵌结构 分维数 景观破碎度 野鸭湖湿地自然保护区 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]