高冰草与小麦体细胞杂种后代的耐盐性和麦谷蛋白分析  

Study on salt-tolerance and protein composition of somatic hybrids between common wheat and Agropyron elongatum

作　　者：于智勇[1] 谭潇轶[1] 薛哲勇[1] 夏光敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学生命科学学院,济南250100

出　　处：《高技术通讯》2006年第5期511-516,共6页Chinese High Technology Letters

基　　金：863计划（2001AA241032;2005AA241051）和国家自然科学基金（303708577）资助项目.

摘　　要：利用不同浓度的NaCl处理高冰草、小麦及高冰草和小麦体细胞杂种F3代的幼苗,结果表明,高冰草具有耐盐单子叶植物典型的特征.亲本小麦属非盐生植物,抗盐能力较弱,当NaCl浓度达150mmol/L时已有盐害影响,浓度超过250mmol/L后全部死亡.高冰草在NaCl浓度为250mmol/L时盐害现象才比较明显;杂种植株的耐盐性远高于小麦,同时也高于高冰草.在100mmol/L以上NaCl处理组中,杂种的死亡率远较小麦低,甚至低于高冰草.生长量及各项生理指标的测定结果也表明杂种的耐盐性不仅远比其亲本小麦（济南177）高,而且还高于高冰草,表明体细胞杂交引起了杂种中盐胁迫应答相关基因表达的变化.杂种F1-F3代单粒种子的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）比较分析发现,杂种含有部分与双亲迁移率一致的亚基及少数与双亲迁移率不同的亚基,部分高冰草的特有亚基在杂种中消失,表明体细胞杂交引起了杂种中HMW-GS基因及表达的明显变异.这些研究结果对于体细胞杂交机制的探讨和利用体细胞杂交技术进行牧草耐盐和品质改良的生物技术育种有重要意义.The seedlings of Agropyron elongatum, common wheat （ Triticum aestivum） and their somatic hybrid F3 plants were treated with different concentrations of salt. Their growth rates and salt-tolerant index were measured after 15 days of treatment, and the contents of proline, Na^＋ , K^＋ , Ca^2＋ were determined 30 days after treatment. According to the research, Agropyron elongattan had characteristics of monocotyledonous halophytes, while wheat was salt-sensitive. The harm of salt to wheat plants began to appear at the concentration of 150mmol/L and increased quickly when the concentration raised. While the salt harm to Agropyron elongattan only appeared at the concentration of 250mmol/L. It showed that salt-tolerance of the hybrid was much higher than the parent wheat, and even higher than the Agropyron elongatum. When the salt concentration reached to the concentration over 100mmol/L NaCl, the death rate of hybrids were less than parent wheat and even A. elongatum. The growth rate, salt-tolerance and some physiological index in the hybrids were also higher than the parents. According to the above result, it is inferred that somatic hybridization has resulted in some expression changes of salt stress relative genes. The protein composition of F1-F3 single seed was analyzed. The HMW-GS, which had the same migratory rate as the subtmit in wheat, was detected. But some subunits in A. e/ongattan disappeared and some new subtmits produced. This revealed that the HMW-GS genes or their express in the hybrids altered obviously. These results will be benefit to the study of somatic hybridization mechanism, and the salt and quality improvement of pasturage with this biotechnology.

关 键 词：高冰草 小麦 体细胞杂种后代 耐盐性 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S666.035