不同施氮处理草莓氮素吸收分配及产量差异的研究  

Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption,distribution and yield of Strawberry

作　　者：彭福田[1] 张青[1] 姜远茂[1] 彭勇[1] 周鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2006年第3期400-405,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571286)资助

摘　　要：利用稳定性同位素15N示踪技术,研究了施肥时期与施肥量对设施盆栽草莓15N尿素吸收分配的影响。结果表明,15N尿素定植时与花前各半量追施,氮肥利用率最高,达52.5%,花前追肥利用率最低,为34.2%。不同时期施肥,植株收获时氮素在草莓各器官中的分配差异较大,定植时追肥,营养器官分配率为85%,生殖器官15%;定植时和花前各半量追肥时,营养器官分配率为72.2%,生殖器官27.8%;而花前追肥则生殖器官分配率提高到31.3%。15N的吸收分配随着生长中心而转移,生长后期生殖器官对15N的竞争力高于营养器官。增加氮肥施用量,氮肥利用率下降。田间试验表明,氮肥运筹对植株成熟叶片硝态氮浓度与SPAD值有显著影响,设施栽培草莓施N225 kg/hm2,于定植时与花前各半量施用,草莓花芽分化早,早期产量与总产量均高。Pot experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen application time and rate on nitrogen absorption and distribution using labeled ^15N isotope technique. The treatment applying N at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose got the highest nitrogen utilization rate equivalent to 52.5 % ; while the nitrogen utilization rate of the treatment applying N before anthesis with full dose was the lowest being 34.2 %. The ratio of N-distribution in various organs existed significant difference when fertilizer was applied at different stages. The ratio of N-distribution of nutritive organs to genital organs was 5.7 to 1, while the ratio was 2.6 to 1 when N was top addressed with half dose at fix planting and before anthesis. Top addressing N before anthesis could increase the N distribution rate of genital organ significantly equivalent to 31.3 %. By all appearances, the absorption and distribution of ^15N were transfused with the change of orgarlic centre of strawberry. The competition ability of genital organs on ^15N at the later growing period was higher than nutritive organs. Field test results indicated nitrogen application influenced significantly nitrate concentration and SPAD reading of ripe leaf. Applying N with dose of 225 kg/ha by means of top addressing at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose separately could accelerate blossom buds differentiation and get the highest forepart and total yield of strawberry.

关 键 词：草莓 氮肥运筹 15N 氮肥利用率 分配 产量 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]