共同保留、共同创新与共同脱轨  

Shared Retention, Shared Innovation and Shared Aberrancy

作　　者：张光宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学语言研究所,台湾新竹300113

出　　处：《语言研究》2006年第2期14-21,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

摘　　要：汉语方言分区以地理为第一要义而不是以语言的历史发展为主要考虑的。二十世纪八十年代的方言分区首先考虑的是南北差异,然后再考虑南北内部如何划分。这种做法符合中国人文历史, 例如文教的扩张和移民的方向。假如按照西方历史语言学关于语言分类的办法,取共同保留、共同创新和共同脱轨去执行汉语方言分类,其结果必难如愿。换言之,这三项指标可用于探讨方言关系, 但是很难为汉语方言划出此疆彼界。In the framework of western historical linguistics,dialect relationships are indicated according to their shared properties aberrancy, innovation and retention in that order.It is tempting to apply the same schemes to the realm of Chinese dialectology but proved unrealistic,possibly due to the different path the Chinese language has developed itself, which is characterized by a Combination of migration and the generalization of literacy.The most important factor, in the minds of the architects of Language Atlas of China,is geography-oriented there is little to do with language history.Any attempts to classify Chinese dialects involving language history like what we see in West Europe are doomed to fail.

关 键 词：汉语方言分区 历史语言学 地理分布 内部规律 价值观念 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]