脂肪酸衍生物低硫柴油抗磨剂的研究  

FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES AS LUBRICITY ADDITIVES FOR LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUELS

作　　者：蔺建民[1] 朱同荣[1] 闾邱祁鸣[1] 黄燕民[1] 韦淡平[1] 

机构地区：[1]石油化工科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《精细石油化工》2006年第3期32-36,共5页Speciality Petrochemicals

摘　　要：介绍了脂肪酸衍生物柴油抗磨剂的合成。对脂肪酸的碳链长度、与脂肪酸反应的各种含氧、含氮化合物如多元醇、多烯多胺、醇胺等对添加剂效果的影响进行考察。研究了脂肪酸衍生物柴油抗磨剂对柴油的低温流动性、氧化安定性、十六烷值等的影响,以及与柴油中其他添加剂的相互作用。结果表明,随着脂肪酸碳链增加,抗磨剂效果增强;在碳数为18的脂肪酸中,油酸、亚油酸、蓖麻酸效果比硬脂酸好;并优选出丙二醇和三乙醇胺;脂肪酸衍生物柴油抗磨剂对柴油的氧化安定性和低温流动性几乎无影响,与柴油稳定剂、柴油流动改进剂无对抗作用;但对柴油十六烷值有影响,并与硝酸酯类十六烷值改进剂有对抗作用。Fatty acid derivatives were synthesized and their abilities as lubricity additives for low sulfur diesel fuels were studied. The influences of the chain length of the fatty acids and various oxygen or nitrogen-containing compounds reacting with the fatty acids such as polylols, polyalkenepolyamines and amino-alcohols were investigated. In addition, the impact of the fatty acid derivative lubricity additives on other properties of the diesel fuels such as low temperature flow ability, oxidation stability and octane number and the interaction with other additives were studied. The results indicated that with the increase of the chain length of the fatty acids, the effect of the synthesized lubricity additives was enhanced; among the fatty acids with 18 carbon number, the performances of oleic acid, linoleic acid and ricinoleic acid derivatives were better than stearic acid derivative; among the reactants reacting with the fatty acids, propylene glycol and triethanolamine were preferred. Fatty acid derivative lubricity additives showed no detrimental effects on diesel fuel low temperature flow ability, oxidation stability and the performance of flow improvers and stabilizers. However, the derivatives may lower the octane number of the diesel fuels and have adverse interactions with nitrate octane improvers.

关 键 词：低硫柴油 润滑性 抗磨剂 脂肪酸衍生物 

分 类 号：TE624.24[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TQ225.1[化学工程—有机化工]