海南岛三亚湾海滩研究  

STUDY ON BEACH CHARACTERISTICS IN SANYA AREA OF HAINAN ISLAND

作　　者：毛龙江[1,2] 张永战[1,2] 魏灵[1,2] 朱大奎[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室 [2]南京大学城市与资源学系,南京210093

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2006年第3期477-484,共8页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：加拿大国际发展署(CIDA)--中加合作"中国海岸社区生态规划与环境管理"项目(批准号:S-061562-001)资助

摘　　要：海南岛三亚湾及其周边海滩可分为两种主要类型:一类是岩礁海岸海滩,发育于基岩和珊瑚礁岛波影区或珊瑚礁平台后侧,多为背叠式砂砾滩,滩窄、坡陡,具有数道陡坎,在岛礁背风侧常发育不同阶段的连岛坝,如白排人工岛西南端海滩、鹿回头湾大洲后侧及对岸的海滩、鹿回头湾和小东海海滩;另一类是沙坝海岸海滩,发育于向外海敞开的大沙坝的向海侧,海湾内砂质沉积物丰富,形成滩脊式或背叠式砂质滩,滩面宽坦,物质较细,如三亚湾和大东海海滩。因湾口朝向与湾内岛礁分布发育情况不同,湾内受常浪和台风强浪作用的强度与频率不同,加之现代泥沙补给情况的差异,这一类海滩的形态结构亦不尽相同。如三亚湾西侧近岬角处,波能辐聚,动力强,侵蚀作用突出,滩面呈近直线形倾斜,并形成两道陡坎;三亚湾中部,受岛礁保护,滩面宽阔,波浪消能空间充足,物质丰富,发育滩脊型海滩,滩面呈上凸形,基本稳定;三亚湾东侧,虽有岛礁掩蔽,但由于人为修建的绿地草坪带和水泥碎砖石小径等,建设高度过低,束狭了激浪带的自由作用宽度,减小了波浪消能范围,破坏了海滩的整体结构,同时阻断了沙坝向海滩的供沙,使滩面坡度加大,物质粗化,局部与小径相接处形成侵蚀陡坎、椰树等倾斜,呈侵蚀状态。Based on field survey and grain-size analyses of beach sediments along the coast of Sanya Bay and its surrounding areas in Hainan Island, the beaches in this area could be mainly divided into two types ： 1 ） Gravel and sand beaches developed on coral reef platform and rocky cape, with coarse material, narrow width, and steep slope, such as the beach on the west side of the southwestern end of the Baipai artificial island, the beach （ shown by Beach Section LHT - DZ01 ） in the opposite of Dazhou Island in the northern Luhuitou Bay, the beach in the Xiaodonghai Bay, and the beach in the Luhuitou Bay. 2） Sandy beaches developed on the outer sea, with plentiful supplying of fine sands, for instants, beaches in the Sanya Bay and the Dadonghai Bay. Beach is the most active geomorphologic part in the coastal zone, controlled mainly by the swash and backwash of surf wave, thus is subject to change. In terms of morphodynamics, different coasts have different dynamics-sediments transport-morphological conditions, consequently have different beach morphological futures. Even on the same beach different places would have different geomorphological futures. For example, On Sanya Beach, on the west there are two escarpments with short supply of sands and stronger dynamic; in the middle, it is relatively stable; on the east however,sands are coarser because human constructions shortened the splash zone, bringing fine sands away . The more and more serious global sea level rising is a damaging factor to many beaches of the world. To meet the need of fast growing of beach tourism, many artificial beaches are constructed. However, artificial beaches should be constructed under careful consideration based on sufficient knowledge of local geologic and geomorphologic settings, dynamic processes, and sediment movement, to make the artificial beaches beneficial to travel industry as well as keeping the local coastal environment a sustainable natural resources.

关 键 词：砂质海滩 动力地貌 岩礁海岸海滩 沙坝海岸海滩 人工海滩 

分 类 号：P737[天文地球—海洋地质]