广东高州普通野生稻生殖特性的研究 Ⅱ.胚囊育性、胚囊发育、胚胎发生和胚乳发育  

Reproductive Characteristics of Oryza rufipogon Griff. in Gaozhou, Guangdong Province Ⅱ. Embryo Sac Fertility, Embryo Sac Development, Embryogenesis and Endosperm Development

作　　者：杨培周[1] 郭海滨[1] 赵杏娟[1] 李金泉[1] 刘向东[1] 卢永根[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学/广东省植物分子育种重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2006年第2期136-143,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：广东省农业厅重点攻关项目;教育部"高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划"(2002383)

摘　　要：利用整体染色激光扫描共聚焦显微镜术(WCLSM),对采自广东省高州市6个地点共141个编号的高州普通野生稻的成熟胚囊育性和胚囊形成发育特点等进行研究。结果表明,供试的绝大多数高州普通野生稻材料成熟胚囊均存在不同程度的育性异常现象,包括雌性生殖单位退化、极核位置异常、极核数目异常、胚囊退化等。这些异常结构的胚囊由于没有正常的卵细胞,不能正常受精,影响子粒结实。141个编号平均异常胚囊频率为11.11%,最高异常率为67.86%。高州普通野生稻胚囊发育过程与正常栽培稻一致,属蓼型。对一些结实率偏低材料的研究,发现在胚囊发育过程的不同时期存在一些异常现象,包括功能大孢子退化,二至八核胚囊发育异常等。对柱头上的花粉量调查,发现观察的69个编号中,多数编号柱头上花粉量偏少。研究表明,花粉量偏少影响受精是导致结实率偏低的最主要原因之一。本文对导致结实率偏低的综合因素进行了讨论。The mature embryo sac fertility, formation and development of embryo sac of 141 accessions of O. rufipogon Grill. collected from the six sampling sites in Gaozhou, Guangdong Province were studied by using the technology of whole-mount stain-clearing confocal laser scanning microscopy （WCLSM）. The results showed that some abnormal phenomena to different extent, such as abnormal embryo sac with non-female germ unit, abnormal embryo sac with polar nuclei in position, abnormal embryo sac with polar nuclei in number and embryo sac abortion, etc., were found in mature embryo sac. Those abnormal embryo sacs having abnormal fertility dued to no normal eggs, which caused seed setting rate to drop. The mean percentage of abnormal embryo sac of all the 141 accessions was 11.11% and the highest one was 67.86%. Development of wide rice in Gaozhou was similar to that of O. sativa L., which belongs to the Polygonum type. Abnormal phenomena in different periods of embryo sac development, including degeneration of megaspore, embryo sac abnormality during the periods of two to eight nucleate etc., were found in the plants with low seed setting rate. Few pollens were found on the stigma of 69 aeeessions observed after pollination, whieh would eause low pereentage of fertilization. It was considered that a few of pollen grains on the stigma was one of the main reasons making seed setting rate decrease. The comprehensive factors resulting in the low seed setting rate of wide rice in Gaozhou were discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：高州普通野生稻 胚囊 胚胎发生和胚乳发育 整体染色激光扫描共聚焦显微镜术(WCLSM) 

分 类 号：S511.9[农业科学—作物学] S664.2