头面部致伤部位与颈髓过伸伤的相关分析  

Correlation analysis of impact positions on the head and hyperextension severities of cervical spinal cord

作　　者：吴叶[1] 侯树勋[1] 吴闻文[1] 彭宝淦[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院三〇四临床部,全军骨科研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《中华创伤骨科杂志》2006年第6期532-535,共4页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma

摘　　要：目的探讨头面部不同撞击位置对颈髓过伸损伤严重程度的影响,并分析其治疗方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析1999年1月～2004年1月收治的41例无骨折脱位颈髓损伤患者的病历资料,所有患者外伤位置主要在前额、颊部或下颌部。用ASIA法对患者在入院初期及出院后6个月时脊髓的神经功能进行评估。结果前额受伤20例,住院初期神经功能：B级4例,C级11例,D级5例；6个月后：C级1例,D级11例,E级8例。烦部伤12例,住院初期神经功能：B级1例,C级4例,D级7例；6个月后：C级1例,D级2例,E级9例。下颌部伤9例,住院初期神经功能：B级5例,C级3例,D级1例；6个月后：B级2例,C级5例,E级2例。经过治疗后6个月复查,神经功能在C级以下者9例,其中7例是下颌区受伤；2例脊髓功能为B级经治疗后没有改善者均为下颌致伤。结论外力作用于下颌部致颈髓过伸伤较作用于额部或颊部更严重。对无骨折脱位颈髓过伸伤者合理选择非手术或手术治疗均可得到满意的治疗效果。Objective To analyze the correlation between impact positions on the head and hyperextension severities of cervical spinal cord, as well as their treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was done for 41 cases of hyperextension of cervical spinal cord without fracture-dislocation who had received management in our department from January 1999 to January 2004. All the patients had no cervical disorders before injuries. They were injured by impact mostly on the forehead, cheek or lower mandible. Their neurological findings at admission and 6-month follow-ups were assessed according to ASIA （American Spinal Injury Association） rating system. Results Of the 20 patients who were injured by impact on the forehead, four were rated in neural function as grade B, 11 as grade C, and five as grade D at admission, while one as grade C, 11 as grade D, and eight as grade E at 6-month follow-up. Of the 12 patients who were injured by impact on the cheek, one was rated in neural function as grade B, four as grade C, and seven as grade D at admission, while one as grade C, two as grade D, and nine as grade E at 6-month foUow-up. Of the nine patients who were injured by impact on the lower mandible, five were rated in neural function as grade B, three as grade C, and one as grade D at admission, while two as grade B, five as grade C, and two as grade E at 6-month follow-up. The 6-month follow-ups after treatment showed that the neural function was rated below grade C in nine patients, seven of whom had been injured by impact on mandible. Two patients of grade B who showed little improvement after treatment had been injured also by impact on mandible. Conclusion Impact on the lower mandible causes more severe hyperextension than impact on the cheek or forehead. Both reasonable non-operative and operative treatments can lead to satisfactory outcome for patients with byperextension of cervical spinal cord but without fracture-dislocation.

关 键 词：颈髓 过伸伤 损伤部位 

分 类 号：R651.2[医药卫生—外科学]