献血者筛查方法与风险模型的初探  

Evaluation on the screening methods and model of transfusion risk in chinese blood donors

作　　者：赵晓洋[1] 宫济武[1] 林东[1] 周航[1] 孙峥[1] 田利红[1] 刘燕明[1] 

机构地区：[1]卫生部北京医院输血科,北京100730

出　　处：《中国临床保健杂志》2006年第3期220-221,共2页Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare

摘　　要：目的探讨现行免疫学检测乙型肝炎5项、艾滋病、梅毒等8项感染指标方法的安全性,并探索适合我国国情的输血传播病毒性疾病HBV、HCV、HIV核酸扩增(NAT)检测方法及可行性。方法采用酶标法对我院库存血和血浆共计4 726份,进行乙型肝炎5项、丙型肝炎、艾滋病及梅毒检测。结果HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和梅毒阳性数(阳性率)分别40(0.85%)、6(0.12%)、0(0)、1(0.02%)。抗-HBc阳性1390份,阳性率29.41%;单抗-HBc阳性146份,阳性率3.09%。结论采用酶标法检测抗-HCV阳性率低于HCV核酸检测法;核酸检测可早期发现“窗口期”献血者病毒感染指标,宜在献血者中开展此项检测,并需建立献血者的风险模型。Objectives To evaluate the safety of testing HBsAg antibody,HIV antibody and TP antigen in stored blood by enzyme immunoassay and estimate the significance of NAT for HBV,HCV, HIV transmitted by transfusion. Methods 4 726 stored blood were tested for HbsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and TP hy ELISA. Results Among 4 726 stored blood ,40 （0.84%） were HBsAg positive ;6 （0.12% ） were anti-HCV positive ：0 （0） was anti-HIV posi- tive ; 1 （0.02%） was TPHA positive ; 1 390 （ 29.41% ） were anti-HBV positive ; 146 （ 3.09% ） were simplex anti- HBC positive. Conclusion The positive rate of HCV tested by ELISA was lower than that tested by NAT reported in China. NAT can identify ＂window period＂ of virus infected donors at an early stage . This test should become a routine test for blood donors and a model of transfusion risk should be establised in Chinese donors.

关 键 词：输血传播病毒 多相筛查病毒 监测 免疫学 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]