耕作对土壤入渗性能的影响  

Tillage on soil infiltration under simulated rainfall conditions

作　　者：杨永辉[1,2] 赵世伟[1] 雷廷武[3] 吴金水[4] 刘汗[3] 赵军[1] 赵勇钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院现代精细农业系统综合研究重点实验室 [4]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第5期1624-1630,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-412);国家"863"资助项目(2002AA6Z3301);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金资助项目(10501-152)~~

摘　　要：耕作影响降雨入渗、径流、土壤侵蚀过程。研究采用新型的坡地降雨条件下土壤入渗能力的径流-入渗-产流测量方法和仪器,野外观测宁夏南部山区坡耕地与撂荒地土壤入渗性能,揭示耕作对土壤入渗性能影响的规律。在坡度为20°、土壤表层含水量11.3%的坡地进行测量。采用的降雨强度为:20,40,56mm·h-1。结果表明,新型测量方法和仪器可以很好地测量坡面土壤入渗性能的全过程,并且具有省水、省工、操作方便的特点,且测量精度高。对比测量结果表明,坡耕地的初期土壤入渗性能在小雨强条件下略高于撂荒地的入渗性能,而在大雨强条件下则一直低于撂荒地的入渗性能。随雨强的增大坡耕地的入渗性能急剧减小,而撂荒地的入渗性能基本不受雨强变化的影响。坡耕地土壤的入渗性能(土壤结构)对降雨强度极为敏感,而撂荒地具有稳定的土壤结构和入渗性能。在3种雨强下,坡耕地的产流时间均比撂荒地提前。与撂荒地相比,各种雨强条件下坡耕地的稳定入渗率都较撂荒地明显降低。Tillage affects the processes of infiltration, runoff and soil erosion. A new method and apparatus measured soil infiltration on hill slope under simulated rainfall conditions were used to measure soil infiltration in slope and fallow land at hilly region of southern Ningxia, and to analyze the effect of tillage on soil infiltration. The experimental site was located on a slope of 20°with water content of 11.3% in soil surface layer. Three rainfall intensities were 20,40,56 mm h^-1. The results indicated that the new method and apparatus measured soil infiltration could be well measured the processes of soil infiltration on slope, with many good qualities such as water-saving, laborsaving, easy operation, and high measuring definition. Compared with fallow land, the initial infiltration rate on tillage slope was higher. However, with high rainfall intensities, the result was reverse. With the increasing of rainfall intensity, the soil infiltration on tillage slope reduced sharply, while fallow land remained unchangeable. Contrast to fallow land, the initial time of producing runoff on tillage slope was shorter, but the steady infiltration rate on slope tillage is lower.

关 键 词：耕作 土壤入渗性能 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]