黄河下游宽河段闸前微差爆破开槽冲刷成渠方法研究  

Study on pilot channel formation on the lower Yellow River by the millisecond-delay blasting technique

作　　者：史传文[1] 马吉明[1] 吴保生[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2006年第3期102-105,共4页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：河南省自然科学基金项目(0224050021);国家自然科学基金项目(50379017)

摘　　要：在黄河下游宽河段,由于主流摆动,常造成引水口脱溜,导致引水不能正常进行。本文提出的微差爆破开槽冲刷成渠方法,是在湿滩的情况下,用微差爆破技术形成可以冲开的最小引槽,引水冲刷,最终形成闸前引水渠的成渠方法。本研究表明,爆破开槽冲刷成渠方法可以解决宽河段河道主流与闸门之间的引水渠畅通问题。爆破试验表明,控制微差爆破的最大爆破深度和一次最大引爆药量,可以有效地控制爆破引起的饱和土液化范围;用爆破技术可以在湿滩上形成成型的引槽,成型引槽的空槽状态可以保持20分钟左右,此后,爆破形成的槽壁泥沙压实层可以被返回的剩余超静空隙水压力冲散,由水和细沙组成的稀泥浆从槽壁涌出,形成“浆河”。试验和计算表明,爆破形成的引槽,存在细沙从槽壁压出回填入槽的特点,有利于快速冲刷形成引渠。Study is presented on how to form a pilot channel for great water supply with the millisecond-delay blasting technique in front of the lock along the wide river bed of the lower Yellow River. The method presented in this paper is to excavate a smallest channel in the wet beaches by using the millisecond-delay blasting technique and then transfer water from the river to make it large enough to form a final pilot channel in front of the lock. The experimental results show that the millisecond-delay blasting technique can be easily implemented in field constructions and effective in excavating a pilot channel in the wet bank. The explosion liquefies the soil and oneway horizontal distance of the liquefaction is about ten times the size of the explosion depth. The channel formed by explosion can keep for about 20 minutes, and then the channel is filled with water and silt from the bottom and two sides, a ＂mud river＂ is formed. The pilot channel so formed is more propitious for its wash than that in normal condition. The method is crucial to the increase of the probability of water supply in industry and agriculture.

关 键 词：水利工程 黄河下游 闸前引渠 爆破开槽 饱和土液化范围 浆河 引槽冲刷效果 

分 类 号：TV5[水利工程—水利水电工程]