生物质分类表征蔬菜废物高温好氧降解特征及其动力学描述  

Characteristics and Kinetics of Aerobic Thermophilic Decomposing for Various Biomass Compositions of Vegetable Waste

作　　者：陈活虎[1] 何品晶[1] 邵立明[1] 李国建[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点试验室,上海200092

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2006年第3期802-806,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家"863"高技术发展计划(2002AA601012)

摘　　要：通过对不同种类蔬菜废物的高温好氧降解试验,研究了其好氧降解过程中各种生物质组分的降解规律。结果表明,易降解组分如总糖、蛋白质、脂肪及半纤维素等,其降解率均较高,平均降解率为55.6%,而且降解主要集中在好氧降解前期(0￣6d),难降解组分主要在后期(6￣14d),平均降解率仅为20.9%。统计分析表明,各生物质组分高温好氧降解可用一级动力学描述,其中易降解组分的降解速率常数为0.090￣0.147d-1,难降解组分为0.025￣0.035d-1。不同生物质降解速率常数大小顺序为:脂肪>总糖>半纤维素>蛋白质>纤维素>木质素。The biodegradability of organics varies due to the diverse compositions of biomass fractions, i.e., sugar, protein, lipid, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, etc., as well as the physical structures that affect the organization of biomass fractions. Each individual biomass fraction has specific biodegradability under aerobic thermophilic decomposing, and should have specific intrinsic kinetic parameters. However, most literature discussed the apparent kinetic parameters of multifarious organics, mixture of biomass fractions, resulting in inconsistent evaluations of biodegradability. In this paper, the aerobic thermophilic decomposing of vegetable waste with different physical structures was conducted with batch flask at 50℃ in thermotank. The characteristics of vegetable waste during decomposing were measured for the biomass composition. The kinetics of various biomass fractions were then studied respectively, so that the biodegradability of organics could be estimated according to special biomass compositions and their individual biodegradability kinetics. The results indicated that the sugar, protein, lipid and hemicellulose were fast-degraded fractions, and average 55.6% of degradation was completed in the first stage of aerobic thermophilic decomposing （0-6 d）. The slow-degraded fractions, such as cellulous and lignin, were gradually oxidized in the curing stage （6-14 d）, and the average degradation rate was about 20.9%. The regression analysis showed that the degradation of biomass compositions precisely conformed to the first order kinetic. The first order rate constant of fast-degraded fraction was in the range of 0.090-0.147 d^-1, and the slowdegraded fraction was 0.025-0.035 d^-1. The rate constants followed the sequence： lipid〉 sugar〉hemicellulose〉protein〉cellulous 〉lignin.

关 键 词：蔬菜废物 高温好氧降解 动力学 生物质组分 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]