几种放线菌处理猪粪效果的试验与分析  

Effect and Analyses on Treatment of Swine Manure Using Actinomycetes

作　　者：黄灿[1] 李季[1] 康文力[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2006年第3期807-811,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2002BA516A07)

摘　　要：采用室内培养方法,研究评估了细黄链霉菌(Streptomycesmicroflavus)、抗生链霉菌(Streptomycesantibioticus)、灰色链霉菌(Streptomycesgriseus)及其组合对猪粪恶臭化合物排放、pH值、养分含量和主要菌群的影响。结果表明,接菌处理后,降低了NH3、H2S的挥发,减少了戊酸(3.44%￣41.56%)、异戊酸(9.64%￣42.77%)等挥发性脂肪酸含量及其产生菌梭菌(3.88%￣29.81%)和优杆菌(3.40%￣29.50%)数量,而增加了猪粪中全N、NO-3-N、全P、速效P、速效K等养分含量。在这3种放线菌及其组合中,无论是在提高猪粪养分含量还是降低恶臭气体及其产生菌(梭菌、优杆菌)方面,单独添加细黄链霉菌都表现了最优的生产性能。Concentrated hog production generates serious environmental concerns as a result of nitrogen （N） loss, manure odor, surface and ground water pollution and the potential for transmission of pathogens. Odor, a kind of sensory irritation and difficult to quantify or define, is one concern to which the general public gives the most attention. At present, due to low cost and application flexibility, livestock producers and researchers have focused on the use of biological additives as alternative method to control manure odor. In this study, three actinomycetes Streptomyces microflavus, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces griseus and their combinations were used to evaluate their ability to reduce the emissions of odorous compounds, pH values, nutriments and main indigenous genera in swine manure. The results showed that as the increase of the nutrients composed of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphors, available phosphors, available potassium, these actinomycetes could reduce NH3 volatilization, H2S emissions, the concentrations of volatile fatty acids such as valeric acids （3.44%-41.56%）, iso-valeric acids （9.64%-42.77%） and the counts of Clostridia （3.88%-29.81%） and Eubacteria （3.40%- 29.50%）. Among these treatments, whether increasing nutrients or reducing the concentrations of odorous compounds and the counts of the related producing bacteria （Clostridia and Eubaeteria）, adding Streptomyces microtlavus alone to swine manure performed perfectly.

关 键 词：细黄链霉菌 抗生链霉菌 灰色链霉菌 猪粪 臭气 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]