转基因植物释放的潜在生态学效应  

The Ecological Risks of Genetically Engineered Plants

作　　者：李有斌[1] 安黎哲[1] 张雷[2] 陈拓[3] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院 [2]榆中县农业技术推广中心,甘肃榆中730100 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2006年第6期641-647,共7页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究项目"甘肃河西地区荒漠植物种群繁殖对策的研究"(编号:90302010)资助

摘　　要：转基因植物的大量释放有可能对自然环境中原有生物产生潜在的生态风险。国内外都开展了转基因植物生态学效应的实验研究。综合研究成果,转基因植物的大规模释放,可能使转入的外源基因流向其近缘物种,产生更加难以控制的杂草;也可能直接或间接的威胁许多非靶标有益生物的生存与繁衍;也可能促使目标害虫的抗性进化;也可能导致生物多样性的丧失和对生态系统的破坏。在抗病毒转基因植物中,可能发生病毒重组而产生新的病毒。因此,应尽快构建转基因植物的生态风险评估体系,对转基因植物释放的潜在生态学影响进行长期的监测监控研究。Genetically engineered plants （GEPs） have been planted on large scale so far in many countries, which attracts increasing attention to the ecological risks brought about by the release of GEPs. It may potentially create changes of long-team environmental effects when GEPs are introduced into ecosystems. Through genetic engineering, GEPs may potentially create changes that enhance an organism＇s ability to become aggressive weeds or invasive in natural habitats. They are possible to spread wildly in ecosystems and to cause unintended degradation of natural ecosystem. By pollen transfer or other ways,the introgression of transgene into natural related species might occur. Gene flows among GEPs and their wild relatives are also a potential invasive risk. As lots of transgene disperse into wild gene pool, they may produce harmful effects on the genetic diversities of their wild relatives. Transgene proteins with pesticidal properties, such as Bacillus thringensis （Bt） toxin, may have both direct and indirect effects on populations of nontarget organisms. To some degree, transgene protein might transfer from host plants to non-target pest or from non-target pests to natural enemies. Insect-resistant transgenic plants play a great role in integrated pest management. However, pests could develop resistance to insect-resistant transgenic plants, and then decrease the effects and application value of insect-resistant transgenic plants against pests. In this paper, the ecological risks of GEPs and recent works in this area are reviewed, including risk of invasiveness, direct and indirect non-target effects on beneficial organism, and resistance of insect pests to transgenic plants and new viral disease. Some strategies of the ecological risks assessment are also proposed.

关 键 词：转基因植物 生态风险 基因流 非靶标效应 抗性进化 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]