广州3～6岁幼儿2106名体质特点的调查  

Investigation on the characteristics of physical fitness of 2 106 infants at 3 to 6 years old from Guangzhou

作　　者：朱琳[1] 冯宁 李志强 谢红光[4] 

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院运动生理教研室,广东省广州市510075 [2]广州体育科学学会秘书处,广东省广州市510060 [3]广州体育科学学会竞赛处,广东省广州市510060 [4]深圳大学体育部,广东省深圳市518000

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2006年第24期33-35,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：广州体育科学学会基金(GZTKXH03Y02-3)~~

摘　　要：目的:从性别、城乡、年龄等方面对广州3～6岁幼儿体质的各单项指标进行综合评级,归纳其体质变化的特征。方法:实验于2000-03/10以随机整群抽样法选取广州市各区幼儿园的3～6岁幼儿2106名,其中男1065名,女1041名;城市幼儿1490名,农村幼儿616名。①按照《国民体质测定标准手册》(幼儿部分)中规定的评定方法,对广州市2106名3～6岁幼儿体质进行调查。形态类指标包括身高、坐高、胸围和上臂部、肩胛部、腹部皮褶厚度;机能类指标为安静心率;素质类指标包括坐位体前屈、立定跳远、网球掷远、双脚连续跳、10m折返跑、走平衡木。测试所用仪器均为全国体质测试统一专用仪器。②单项评分采用5分制,综合评级是根据受试者各单项得分之和确定,分为4个等级:1级为优秀,≥28分;2级为良好,25～27分;3级为合格,18～24分;4级为未合格,≤17分。任意一项指标无分者,均不进行综合评级。结果:按意向处理分析,实验选取广州市2106名3～6岁幼儿,全部进入结果分析。①广州3～6岁幼儿体质整体状况的调查结果:广州市3～6岁幼儿总体体质优秀率11.9%;良好率17.6%,合格率为48.8%,不合格率21.7%。其中3岁年龄段优秀率最高(14.4%),不合格率最低(14.4%);6岁年龄段优秀率最低(6.5%),不合格率最高(32.5%)。②广州3～6岁幼儿不同性别体质状况调查结果的比较:男幼儿体质达到合格以上的占男幼儿总体的81.9%,女幼儿为74.5%,经U检验差异显著(P<0.01)。各年龄段男幼儿体质的优秀率均高于同年龄段的女幼儿,而不合格率则比同年龄段女幼儿低。③广州市3～6岁农村、城市幼儿体质状况调查结果的比较:城市幼儿不合格率普遍高于相同年龄段的农村幼儿,但优秀率也普遍高于相同年龄段的农村幼儿。城市3岁年龄段优秀率最高(17.6%),6岁年龄段优秀率最低(6.3%);农村4岁年龄段优秀率最高(8.1%),5、6岁年龄段�AIM： To carry out a comprehensive evaluation on every single index of physical fitness （PF） of the infants at 3 to 6 years old from Guangzhou in terms of genders, areas and ages. in order to analyze the characteristics of their PF. METHODS： A total of 2 106 infants at 3 to 6 years old including 1 065 males and 1 041 females; 1 490 urban infants and 616 rural infants were selected by random cluster sample method from the kindergartens of Guangzhou between March and October 2000. ①The PF of the infants was evaluated according to the infant part of the Evaluated Standards for National Physical Fitness, which included the morphological indexes; Body height, sitting height, chest circumference and the skin fold thickness of upper ann, shoulder and abdomen; the functional index： Resting heart rate and the diathesis indexes： Sitting trunk flexion, standing long jump, tennis far throw, two feet successive leaps, 10 m shuttle run and balance beam walk. All the apparatus were uniform specific ones for physical fitness test.② The single item was evaluated with 5 points system, and the comprehensive evaluation was determined by the total score of each item. There were 4 grades： the 1^st one： excellent ≥ 28 scores, the 2^nd： good, 25- 27 scores; the 3^nl： qualified, 18-24 scores and the 4^th ： fail≤ 17 scores. The comprehensive evaluation wouhl not be performed if any item got zero. RESULTS： Witb the intention to treat analysis, 2 106 infants selected from Guangzhou were all involved in the result analysis. ①The result of the general status： The excellent rate was 11.9%, good rate 17.6%. qualified rate 48.8% and fail rate 21.7%. Both the highest excellent rate （14.4%） and the lowest fail rate （14.4%） appeared in the infants at 3 years old; meanwhile, both the lowest excellent rate （6.5%） and the highest fail rate （32.5%） appeared in the infants at 6 years old. ②Comparison of PF between different genders： The qualified rate of the male infants was 81.9%, and the fem

关 键 词：抽样研究 广东 体质 年龄因素 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]