蘑菇褐腐病菌生物学特性和防治  

STUDY ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND THE CONTROL OF MYCOGONE PERNICIOSA MAGN.

作　　者：吴菊芳[1] 支月娥[1] 康素珍 陈德明[2] 黄建春[2] 姚红梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海农学院,上海201101 [2]上海市农业技术推广服务中心

出　　处：《植物保护学报》1996年第3期235-240,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会资助

摘　　要：蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24～25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100％相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4～5天,覆土前7天,用36％～38％化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20～30kg,喷洒于种植111m^2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。Mycogane perniciosa Magn. causes wet bubble ,a serious disease of mushroom. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth and conidial germination of the pathogen is 24 -25℃. When the temperature of below 10℃ or above 35℃ ,the conidium fails to germinate. The mycelium no longer lives at 35℃and 40℃ continuing for five days and one day, respectively. It is benefit for the mycelial growth and the conidial germination in high relative humidity (RH) condition. The rate of conidial germination increases along the RH rises. It reaches the highest under 100% RH. The optimum pH is 6 and 6. 4 for mycelial growth and conidial germination. The extract of young sporocarp of mushroom is the best for the conidial germination. The primary infection source of the pathogen in mushroom bed is the contaminated casing. Sunning casing for 4-5 days in the summer,fumigating by formalin for at least 48 hours are very effective in controlling the disease. Damage of the disease can be reduced by picking the infected mushrooms.

关 键 词：蘑菇 褐腐病 有害疣孢霉 生物学特性 甲醛 

分 类 号：S436.461[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]