2周低住高练对游泳运动员心肺功能和有氧运动能力的影响  

Effects of 2-Week “Living Low-Training High" on Aerobic Capacity and Cardiac Function in Swimmers

作　　者：王道[1] 高炳宏[1] 步振威[1] 马国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2006年第3期309-313,共5页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：上海市体育局重点攻关课题(编号:04JT006)资助

摘　　要：目的:探讨2周低住高练(LoHi)对游泳运动员心肺功能及其有氧运动能力的影响。方法:15名游泳运动员进行为期2周的LoHi训练(模拟海拔2500m),分别在训练前后采用自行车递增负荷力竭运动测试各项气体代谢指标和有氧运动能力。结果:2周LoHi训练后,(1)同等负荷下男运动员VO2/kg低于训练前,第5min50s时相差最大(-21.8%),最大摄氧量平台(VO2/kgmaxPD)持续时间延长了1min;女运动员自第6min后,VO2/kg值与训练前差值逐渐加大,第12min30s时达到最大(-14.5%),VO2/kgmaxPD持续时间缩短了1min30s;(2)男女运动员R值总体上均处于略微下降的趋势,R=1标志点出现时间明显延后。男运动员从R>1到力竭的时间延长,女运动员则缩短;(3)男运动员fb值在中低负荷阶段略高于训练前,女运动员只在10min50s到13min10s阶段低于训练前。不同负荷阶段,男运动员HR值始终低于训练前。训练后女运动员在第5min后HR值略低于训练前。结论:2周LoHi训练提高了男子游泳运动员对负荷的适应能力,表现为一般有氧运动能力和高负荷状态下的无氧耐力水平提高,但女子运动员的运动能力未见明显改善,表现出一定的性别差异。Objective To study the effects of 2 - week LoHi on the aerobic capacity and athletic ability in swimmers. Methods Fifteen swimmers took part in the LoHi, and aerobic capacity before and after LoHi was determined. Results After 2 weeks of LoLi, （ 1 ） with the same load, VO2/kg was lower in male swimmers and the change at the point of 5min50s was most significant. VO2/kgmaxPD prolonged lmin. The most signifi- cant change appeared at the point of 12min30s in female swimmers, and VO2/kgmaxPD shortened lmin30s; （2） R declined slightly both in male and female subjects. The point of ＂R = 1＂ appeared obviously late in all swimmers. The duration of ＂R 〉 1＂ prolonged in male swimmers but shortened in female swimmers; （3） with low and middle load, fb were higher only in the interval between 10min50s and 13min10s in male swimmers, fb was lower in female swimmers. HR was lower all the time in male swimmers but appeared after 5min in female swimmers. Conclusion 2 weeks of LoHi improved work capacity in male swimmers including basic aerobic ability and anaerobic ability at high load, whereas it was not found in female swimmers. This probably caused by the gender difference in adaptation ability to LoHi.

关 键 词：游泳运动员 低住高练 气体代谢 运动能力 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]