大叶相思全分布区种源试验研究  

Study on Provenances of Acacia auriculiformis over Its Natural Distribution

作　　者：杨民权 张方秋 Suzete Searle 林新 曾松泉 李伟雄 

出　　处：《林业科学研究》1996年第4期359-367,共9页Forest Research

摘　　要：大叶相思是我国华南地区与东南亚的重要荒山造林树种之一，全分布区种源在生长量与形质指标上存在极显著或显著差异，种源选择十分必要，同时选择优良环境对于生产力的提高也十分有效；种源的地理递变中，经度是主要影响因子，１４２°５６′Ｅ（即大分水岭）以西，随经度的增加群体的优良性连续递增，跨过此经度向东，群体优良性显著提高，纬度仅对干形、枝下高呈中度相关，海拔对各性状不相关；２５个天然种源按其优良性可划分为五大类群，昆士兰的东南沿海部为优良的种源区；考虑性状遗传力及其经济相对重要性的多性状指数选择，可以使遗传改良在多个性状上获得良好的期望遗传进展，以３０％入选率选出的８个优良种源在树高、胸径、材积上，遗传增益分别达１９．１％～２９．５％、１８．８％～２９．５％、８５．３％～１２５．０％，分枝指数与干形指数分别降低２２．１％～６３．１％、１０．８％～６１．３％。Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.is one of the important planting trees in barren hills of south China and south east Asia.There are siginificant differences in H (height), DBH (diameter breast high), V (volume), BL (bole length), BI (branch index) and SI (stem index) among the natural provenances.Provenance selection is necessary while good sites help them get higher products.Geographical variation is mainly effected by longitude.In the west of 142°56′E(i.e.the Great Dividing Ra),the superiority of growth and morphology of provenances is continously increased by the increase of longitude East of Greenwich.The provenances located in the east of 142°56′E are more superior than that in the west.Altitude only effects SI and BL in middle extent.There is no correlation between elevation,growth or morphological performance.25 natural provenances can be divided into five groups.The provenances from the south east coast of Queensland are the best.Index selection in consideration of the heritabilities and economic value of multi characters helps the genetic improvement to get good expected genetic gains of multi characters.Genetic gains in H,DBH and V of 8 good provenances selected by the rate of 30 percent are respectively 19.1～29.5 percent,18.8～29.5 percent and 85.3～125.0 percent, BI and SI will be reduced by 22.1～63.1 and 10.8～61.3 percent respectively.

关 键 词：大叶相思 种源 传变异 指数选择 

分 类 号：S792.990.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]