东洞庭湖平原和丘岗地带土壤动物群落特征  

Study on the Characteristics of Soil Animal Communities in the Flat and Hilly Areas by the East Dongting Lake

作　　者：张秀娟[1] 苏永春[2] 杨晨利[1] 倪向利[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南理工学院洞庭湖环境资源研究所,湖南岳阳414006 [2]常熟理工学院生物系,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第3期251-255,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(04JJ3066);湖南省教育厅项目(03C151)

摘　　要：对东洞庭湖平原和丘岗地带茶林、针阔混交林、棉田、稻田等4种植被土壤动物群落的组成、分布、垂直剖面、多样性及相似性进行了比较研究.共调查到土壤动物5门13纲25目31个类群23526个体,其中以弹尾类、螨类和线虫类为优势类群.在4种植被土壤动物群落中,个体数的大小依次是茶林、棉田、针阔混交林、稻田;类群数的大小依次为针阔混交林、棉田、茶林、稻田;多样性指数H′大小依次为针阔混交林、稻田、棉田、茶林,与群落均匀度的变化显著相关,与群落的优势度关系不密切.Jaccard指数分析结果表明,东洞庭湖不同生态系统土壤动物群落极其相似,其中,茶林和棉田的相似性最高,针阔混交林和稻田相似性最低;4种植被土壤动物类群及数量均具有表聚性,并随土层加深逐渐减少,且递减速率加快.A comparative study has been conducted on the composition, distribution, vertical structure, vaneues and similarities of soil animal communities in the four vegetation in the flat and hilly areas of the East Dongting Lake. A total of 23 526 individual animals were obtained, belonging to 31 communities, 25 orders, 13 classes, and 5 phyla respectively. Among them, Collmbola, Acarina and nematodes were in the majority. The individual numbers change in the following direction： tea shrub land〉cotton field〉mix of needle and wide leaf forest〉rice field; the numbers of communities change like this： mix of needle and wide leaf forest〉cotton field〉tea shrub land 〉rice field; variety index H＇ ： mix of needle and wide leaf forest〉rice field〉cotton field〉tea shrub land, which are closely related to the change of even-distribution, but not so closely related to number-majority of the communities. An analysis of the Jaccard Index shows that the animal communities of the different vegetation of the East Dongting Lake are very similar and the tea shrub land and cotton field have the highest similarity while the mix of needle and wide leaf forest and rice field, the lowest. All the four soil animal communities have the characteristic of living on the surface of the soil. The deeper the soil, the fewer their number is and the faster they diminish.

关 键 词：东洞庭湖 土壤动物 群落组成 群落多样性 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]