胸锁乳突肌锁骨头的血供及应用解剖  

Blood supply and applied anatomy of clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid

作　　者：许本柯[1] 舒先涛[1] 罗刚[1] 刘兵[1] 周文明[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学医学院,荆州434000

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2006年第3期357-359,共3页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

摘　　要：目的:为临床应用胸锁乳突肌锁骨头复合瓣提供应用解剖学基础。方法:在40侧成人尸体标本上,解剖观察胸锁乳突肌的形态,血供来源及其动脉在胸锁乳突肌内的分布、构筑特点。结果:胸锁乳突肌血供丰富。其锁骨头主要血供为甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌肌支。该支出现率占82.5%,距甲状腺上动脉起点(1.72±0.76)cm处发出,起始外径(1.52±0.10)mm,肌外长度为(22.07±0.4)mm;胸锁乳突肌由副神经支配,其体表投影位于乳突尖下方(4.01±0.39)cm,距肌前缘的距离为(2.14±0.46)cm处。结论:胸锁乳突肌锁骨头血供丰富为多源性,血管粗、蒂长,可以制成胸锁乳突肌锁骨头带半片锁骨瓣修复骨组织缺损。Objective： To provide anatomical basis for clinical application of complex flap with clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle. Methods： Fourty sides of adult specimens were dissected to observe the morphology and blood supply of sternocleidomastoid muscle and its artery distribution and characteristics of artery architecture. Results：The clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle was mainly supplied by the sternocleidomastoid branches of superior thyoid artery, whose occurrence rate was 82. 5%. Before sending this muscular branch, the superior thyoid artery covered （1.72±0. 76）cm averagely. The mean diameter of origin site of the muscular branch was （1.52±0. 10）mm. Before entering the muscle, the branch covered （22. 07±0. 4）mm. The innervation of sternocleidomastoid muscle was accessory nerve, whose body surface projection was located （4. 01±0. 39） cm below the mastoid tip and （2. 14±0. 46）cm to anterior border of muscle. Conclusion： Anatomical characteristics of clavicular head of sternocleimastoid muscle （multiple blood sources, thick blood vessel and long pedicle） suggest that it can be used as complex flap associated to repair the bone injury with partial clavicular bone.

关 键 词：胸锁乳突肌 血管 应用解剖学 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]