固定道灌溉结合垄面覆盖对土壤水分时空分布和产量的影响  

Effect of Controlled Traffic!Irrigation with Ridge Cover on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture and Crop Yield

作　　者：杨荣[1] 黄高宝[1] 于爱忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2006年第4期18-24,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家863计划"北方内陆河灌区(甘肃张掖)节水农业综合技术体系集成与示范"课题(2002AAZZ4191)

摘　　要：通过定位试验研究了固定道结合垄面不同覆盖处理土壤水分分布以及对产量的影响，结果表明：固定道内的机械压实增加了土壤表层0～15cm紧实度，对15cm以下土层影响较小，从而在固定道表层形成了一个隔水层，减少了水分在道内下渗的可能性，增加了水分向垄体侧渗的几率；固定道耕作无覆盖（CT）处理土壤水分含量明显低于固定道耕作结合地膜覆盖（CTP）和固定道结合秸杆覆盖（CTS），表层含水量常低于10％，CT处理和CTP处理灌水后在垄中分别形成约40cm和20cm的水分亏缺带，而CTS处理土壤内水分则通过再分布使垄中水分得以补偿；CTS处理灌水后水分在土壤中逐步均一分布，CTP处理和CT处理土壤内较长一段时间表现为垄中含水量低于垄缘；由于不同的覆盖状况以及垄面水分的分布不同导致各处理及同处理行间产量存在差异，各处理产量高低顺序为CTP〉CTS〉CT，CTP比CT增产19．62％，CTS比CT增产17．82％；CTP处理与CTS处理间产量差异不显著；CT处理中间行产量比次边行和最边行分别低59．72％和28．63％；CTS处理行间产量差异不显著；CTP处理行间产量差异不如CT明显，而且各行产量均高于对应CT处理各行产量。Effect of controlled traffic irrigation with different ridge cover on temporal and spatial distribution of soil moisture and crop yield is studied through located experiment. The result showed as fol- lowing： The mechankcal compaction on the controlled traffic increased soil strength in the top 0- 15cm, but it had little influence on the soil below 15 cm. Therefore, a partition layer of water was formed in the top controlled traffic, which reduced water vertical infiltration and increased water side infiltration. Soil moisture content was signifcanty lower in CT treatment and CTS treatment, in which top soil moisture was often lower than 10%. A water deficiency zone about 40 cm and 20 cm was formed respectively after irrigation in the ridge was replenished through soil water re-distribution in the controlled traffic tillage with straw cover（CTS）. The soil moisture gradually reached an even distribution after irrigation in CTS treatment, and the soil moisture in the middle ridge was lower than that in the border ridge for a long time in the in the CTP treatment and CT treatment. The sequence of crop yield in different treatments is： CTP〉CYS〉CT. And the yield was CTP was 19.62% higher than that in CT, 17.82% higher in CTS than in CT. There was no significant yield difference in CTP treatment and CTS treatment. The yield in the middle rows was lower than in the border tows and sub-border rows, 59.72% and 28.63% lower respectively. There was no significant yield difference among rows in CTP treatment was less than that in CT treatment, and the yield in each row in CTP was higher than that in the correlated row in CT treatment.

关 键 词：固定道 秸杆覆盖 地膜覆盖 紧实度 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S274[农业科学—农业基础科学]