论淤灌是中国农田水利发展史上的第一个重要阶段  

On Warping Irrigation Being the First Important Stage in the History of China's Farmland Water Conservancy

作　　者：李令福[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《中国农史》2006年第2期3-11,共9页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目"西北地区环境变迁与农业结构的变化和调整研究"(项目号:02JAZJD790020)

摘　　要：本文通过对《史记·河渠书》与《汉书·沟洫志》所载内容的分析,认为战国秦汉时代大型农田水利建设在北方兴起,构成了中国水利发展第三阶段的主体。而这些大型农田水利工程并不是浇灌庄稼,解除农田缺水问题的,漳水渠、郑国渠、河东渠与龙首渠是放淤荒碱地,以营造田地为主要目的的,六辅渠、白渠建成后,变成了浇灌农田庄稼,但仍然是引浑浇灌,即史书所谓的“且溉且粪”。它们均是引取高泥沙含量的浑水淤地或浇灌庄稼,具有淤灌的性质。因而淤灌在中国水利发展史上意义特别重大,它是战国秦汉时期中国大型溉田工程的主体,构成中国传统农田水利的第一个重要发展阶段。This article analysis the content of ＂waterway in Historical record＂ and ＂ditch in fields ambition in Hanbook＂, thinks the large-scale farmland water conservancy construction emerged in north in the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties and it constituted the third stage main body of Chinese water conservation development. But these large-scale irrigation and water conservation projects were certainly not to irrigate the crops, relieved the agricultural water shortage. Zhangshui canal, Zhengguo canal, Hedong canal and Longahou canal aimed at warping the alkali land and building the field for agriculture. After Liufu canal, Bai canal were completed, they turned to irrigate the farmland crops, but still used muddy water to irrigate, namely the history book so - called ＂also irrigated also the excrement＂, they all took the turbid water with high silt to fill soils or irrigate the crops, had the nature of warping irrigation. Thus the warping irrigation is specially significant in Chinese water conservation history. It was the main body of Chinese large - scale irrigation project in the Warring States Period, Qin and Hart Dynasties and constituted the first important development phase of Chinese traditional irrigation and water conservation.

关 键 词：淤灌 且溉且粪 农田水利 第一阶段 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K03[历史地理—历史学]