长江中下游铜矿带的早期开发和中国青铜文明  

EARLY MINING OF COPPER MATERIAL DEPOSITS IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF YANGTSE RIVERAND CHINAS BRONZE CIVILIZATION

作　　者：华觉明[1] 卢本珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学科技史暨古文献研究所,黄石市博物馆

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》1996年第1期1-16,共16页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

摘　　要：本世纪３０年代以来，商周时期巨大数量的铜料来源，一直成为众多学者关注的学术悬案。该文从古文献所载早期铜产地、现代地质勘探揭示的铜矿资源分布和早期采铜冶铜遗址的发掘研究，辅以铅同位素法等现代检测手段，论证长江中下游铜矿带和中条山区及其迤西地带为商周铜料的主产地。中国青铜时代各文化区的形成与发展和各地区采铜冶铜生产与铜料供应的状况是密切相关的。商周时期的三大铜都（荆州、扬州和中条山），长江中下游据其中之二，具有举足轻重的地位。旧的以中原为单一中心、单一辐射的文化传播的模式，应代之以双向或多向交流的新的文化传播模式。Since the thirties of this century, the source of the great amounts of copper material in Shang-Zhou Periods has remained an unsettled problem puzzling many scholars.The present article, which is based on the early sources of copper recorded in ancient documents, the distribution of copper recourses revealed by modern geological prospecting,and the early coppermining sites excavated and surveyed, has proved, through modern detecting means such as lead-isotopic method, that the copper material deposits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River and the Zhongtiao Mountain area and the regions to its west were the main sources of the copper materials in the Shang-Zhou Period. During the long period of 2500 years from the late Neolithic Age through the three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou,a complete system of high-leveled and unique-featured copper-mining and smelting technologies in the pre-Qin period had gradually come into being.It constituted the material and technical basis for the Shang-Zhou bronze civilization. The formation and development of various cultural regions of the Bronze Age in ancient China were closely related with the conditions of the copper-mining and smelting production and the material supply in the places of production.There were three copper metropolises in the Shang-Zhou Period, two of which were situated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River. This fact indicates that those regions occupied a decisive position. Accordingly, it should be properly evaluated what role the ancient Yue Nationality and South China had played in the formation of ancient Chinese civilization.The old view of the one-way cultural dissemination mode with the Central Plains as the only center should be replaced by the new view of two-way or multi-way convection mode.

关 键 词：商周 长江中下游 青铜 铜矿 开采 选矿 冶炼 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]