南方丘陵典型季节性干旱区节水稻作模式生态系统功能特征研究  

Study on Function of Different Water-saving Rice Model Ecosystems in Southern China Seasonal Drought Hilly Region

作　　者：肖新[1] 赵言文[1] 胡锋[1] 钱国明[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095 [2]江西省邓家埠水稻原种场农业科学研究所,江西余江335200

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2006年第3期74-78,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家高新技术研究发展计划项目(2002AA2Z4331)资助

摘　　要：运用生态经济学原理，采取实地凋查和田间试验方法，研究了南方丘陵典型季节性干旱区节水稻作模式生态系统的物流、能流、价值流及生态环境效应。结果表明，节水稻作模式的净初级生产力为309763×10^6～378094×10^6J／（hm^2·a），以化肥为主的辅助能投入为58607×10^6～97265×10^6J／（hm^2·a）．纯收入为3921～9426元／（hm^2·a）。不同节水稻作模式所表现出的变化特征为：采用节水灌溉双季稻模式，有利于减少系统化肥、农药、人工等能量投入．增加系统能量的输出．提高能量转换效率、光能利用效率和稻田的经济效益；采用水旱轮作双季稻节水稻作模式．有机肥的投入增加，能流循环指数提高．系统稳定性增强，但能量转换效率下降，稻田的经济效益有所降低;采用稻油轮作节水稻作模式，在减少系统化肥、农药、人工等能量投入同时．充分利用作物生长期间太阳辐射，光能利用效率提高，稻田的经济效益增加。与常规稻作模式相比，节水稻作横式的综合效益较高，具有较好的节水、省肥、省药效应以及控制农业面源污染效应。Based on field investigation and experimental data analysis, ecological economic principles were applied to study the material flow ,energy flow ,value flow, and ecological environment benefits of water-saving rice models. The results showed that the net production and the economical production in 8 types of water-saving rice models ecosystems were 309 763 × 10^6～378 094 × 10^6J/（hm^2· a）and 177 236 × 10^6～ 197 793 × 10^6J/（hm^2 · a） respectively. The major inlzut of energy was for fertilizers, which were 58 607 × 10^6～97 265 × 10^6 J/（hm^2 · a）. The output-input ratio of energy and light utilization efficiency of rice field were 3.22～6.45 ： 1 and 0.64～0. 78 respectively. The pure monetary values were 3 921 ～9 426 Yuan/（hm^2· a）and the cost-benefit ratio were 0. 34～0. 88. The higher energy conversion efficiency, light utilization efficiency and economic efficiency were found in water-saving irrigation double-cropping rice model and water saving rice model of rice and rape rotation ; However the lower energy conversion efficiency and economic efficiency took place in water-saving rice model of flooddrought cultivation. The water saving rice model had a higher integral benefit than local rice model, and could notably save water,fertilizer and pesticide so that it could control agriculture non-point resource population.

关 键 词：节水稻作模式 能流 价值流 综合效益 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]