拉美印第安人运动兴起的政治与社会背景  

Social Movement of the Latin American Indians

作　　者：苏振兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2006年第3期3-8,共6页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：印第安人是美洲大陆的原住民,曾经创造了灿烂的美洲古代文明。进入20世纪90年代之后,在拉丁美洲范围内,印第安人争取社会经济权益和政治、文化平等权利的斗争出现蓬勃发展的新局面,即所谓“土著人的崛起”。印第安人社会运动的崛起反映了印第安人新的觉醒。尽管当前国内外环境都发生了某种有利的变化,但是,印第安人问题既与主流社会中长期存在的对印第安人的种族偏见联系在一起,也与造成拉美国家普遍性社会分化的制度与政策因素联系在一起。拉美国家对印第安人问题所表现出的比以往更加强烈的政治愿望表明,人们已经把这个问题作为实现国家发展目标的重要组成部分来加以理解,正在从积极的方面逐步采取措施来加以解决。Since the 1990s Indians in Latin America have been waging a struggle for their own rights. This social movement of the Indians reflects the rise of a new social force in the continent. It exhibits the following characteristics: 1) It calls for comprehensive rights for the Indians and claims for territories that belonged to the Indians before the conquest five centuries ago. 2) It is shifting from the traditional Indigenism to Indianism. 3) It applies new ways to carry out their struggles. Governments in many Latin American countries have taken up an active attitude towards the demands of the Indians. For instance, constitutions have been amended to offer more legal protections for the Indians. However, since the issue of the Indians is a part of the overall social problem in Latin America, it will not be resolved in the short term.

关 键 词：拉丁美洲 印第安人 民族运动 民族权利 

分 类 号：D773[政治法律—政治学]