流体成矿系统与成矿作用研究  

INVESTIGATION OF FLUID ORE FORMING SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES

作　　者：贾跃明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质矿产信息研究院

出　　处：《地学前缘》1996年第4期253-258,共6页Earth Science Frontiers

摘　　要：对几乎所有金属矿床类型来说，其形成过程均与金属从源岩的活化、原始渗滤、矿质运移和金属沉淀富集成矿关系密切，这些过程主要是由流体的运动和作用完成的。因此，识别金属和流体的来源，追溯流体从源区将金属运载至最终成矿部位所经过的路径，以及查明金属和流体沿运移通道发生的物理、化学和时间上的各种变化及其特殊性质，可以为矿床评价与勘查提供很有价值的定量成矿信息。成矿流体的来源－运移－沉淀（－堆积）过程会以流体成矿系统的形式保留下来。对流体成矿系统和作用的全面了解可通过调查活动的和古代的两种系统获得。活动流体成矿系统是目前正在进行原始矿质搬运的系统，调查这些系统可对运移通道中的含矿流体进行取样和监测研究。古流体成矿系统包括各时代从含金石英脉到铅－锌矿脉系统的所有热液脉型矿床以及沉积喷气型和所谓层控矿床。对含矿矿物和岩石的广泛岩石学、化学、流体包裹体和同位素研究将为定量评价与预测矿床的分布和变化提供至关重要的资料。流体成矿系统内具有一些重要特征，如各种地质要素的方向性、相关性和指示性变化。For almost all classes types of metallic mineral deposits, their forming processes are closely related to the activationg and original leaching of the metals from a source rock, the transport of ore forming materials and the precipitation and concentration of metals to form ore. They are mainly carried out by the flow and processes of various aqueous fluids. For this reason, to identify the sources of metals and fluids, to trace the pathways by which the fluids carried the metals to their final depositional sites, and to search a wide range of physical, chemical and temporal changes occurred to both metals and fluids along their transport channel ways and the specific nature of different changes, can offer valuable quantitative information on ore formations available for the assessing and exploring of mineral deposits. In the fact, source transport deposit ( accumulation) processes of ore forming fluids may be recorded as fluid ore forming systems. A more complete understanding of fluid ore forming systems and processes will be gained by investigation into both active and fossil systems. Active fluid ore forming systems are those in which primary ore transport is currently underway, such as the black smoker, the Red Sea, Salton Sea brines of USA and Tengchong hot springs of Yunnan, China. Investigating into these systems will allow ore carrying fluids to be sampled from and monitor in their actual pathways. Fossil ore forming systems contain the hydrothermal vein group of all ages from goldquartz to lead zinc vein systems and so called stratabound ore deposits such as well known SEDEX and MVT type base metal deposits. Extensive petrological, chemical, fluid inclusion and isotope work on ore minerals and rocks in these systems will provide critical data for quantitatively assessing and predicting of the distributions and changes of mineralized depostis. There are several major characters such as the directive, relative and indicative changes of various geological features within a fluid ore forming system.

关 键 词：流体 成矿流体 成矿作用 矿床评价 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P11[天文地球—地质学]