中国冬播麦区小麦品种籽粒硬度的变异分析  

Grain hardness variation of wheat grown in Chinese winter wheat regions

作　　者：郭世华[1] 刘丽[2] 于亚雄[2] 马庆[1] 杨金华[2] 程耿[2] 胡银星[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2006年第3期365-368,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30460067);云南省自然科学基金项目(2003C0027Q);内蒙古农业大学博士启动基金项目(K12619)资助;云南省科技攻关(2001NG18)

摘　　要：为了明确小麦新品种(系)籽粒硬度在不同环境下的变异,对65份品种(系)的籽粒硬度在北部冬麦区11个试点,以及43份品种(系)在南方冬麦区4个试点的变异进行了分析。结果表明,不同硬度类型品种所占比例不同,北片硬质品种的比例大于南片,软质和混合品种比例小于南片。北片各点参试品种籽粒硬度均高于南片,其中北片硬质品种的硬度大于南片硬质品种,软质和混合品种的硬度值与南片接近;硬度值最高的是西农8925-13,达99;最低的是WG6,为18。同一小麦品种在不同环境下籽粒硬度存在差异,北片47份硬质品种的硬度在不同地点间变异程度最小,变异系数平均值为7.5%,南片22份软质品种的硬度在不同地点间变异程度最大,变异系数平均值为26.3%;各品种的变异系数以周麦12号最小为2.6%,扬97-65最大为72.7%,各地点变异系数表现出南片各点均大于北片,其中南片江苏白马湖最高达49.7%,北片周口最低为26.7%,因此,品种间硬度在北片各地点较南片稳定。对北片品种(品系)籽粒硬度的基因型、环境及其互作分析表明,硬度主要由品种固定效应决定,基因型×环境互作效应较小,环境影响最小。65 and 43 cultivars separately sown at 11 locations of North Winter Wheat Regions and 4 locations of the South Winter Wheat Regions in 2001 and 2002 growing season were used to investigate the grain hardness variance in different planting sites. Results showed that hard wheat frequency in North Winter Wheat Regions was higher than that in South Winter Wheat Regions, soft and mixed wheat frequency in the former was lower than that in the latter. Cultivars from North Winter Wheat Regions performed higher grain hardness than that from South Winter Wheat Regions. The hardness of Hard wheat varieties from North Winter Wheat Regions was higher than that from South Winter Wheat Regions, but soft and mixed wheat cultvars from both regions almost had the same hardness. Among total 108 cultivars, Xinong 8925-13 had the highest hardness,while WG6 had the lowest. 47 hard wheat cultivars from North Winter Wheat regions had the smallest c.v. % in hardness among planting sites with only 7.5 %, while 22 soft cultivars from South Winter Wheat regions had largest c.v. % of 26.3 %. For varietyand sites, the smallest c.v. % were2.6 % and 26.7 % in Zhoumai 12 and Zhoukou, respectively, the largest c.v. % were 72.7 % and 49.7 % in Yang 97-65 and Baimahu, respectively. Results also indicated that effects of genotype on grain hardness were far greater than that of G × E interaction and environment.

关 键 词：普通小麦(T.aestivum L.) 籽粒硬度 变异 

分 类 号：S[农业科学]