中国对虾四种人工授精方法的比较分析  

Comparison of four artificial insemination methods in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

作　　者：罗坤[1] 张天时[1] 田炎炎 杨翠华[3] 张庆文[1] 孔杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《水产学报》2006年第3期367-370,共4页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2005AA603210);中挪合作项目"对虾复合育种技术";山东省自然科学基金(Y2004D05)共同资助

摘　　要：在常规的精荚移植和输精管移植两种中国对虾人工授精方法的基础上,首次建立了精荚切块移植和精液移植两种新的人工授精方法,并对比了4种方法的授精成功率、受精率和幼体的孵化率。4种方法都取得了较好的授精成功率,其中完整精荚移植法最高,为80.8%;输精管移植法最低,为53.3%;其他两种方法依次为:精液移植法为73.9%,精荚切块移植法为66%。对4种人工授精方法的平均受精率进行单因素方差分析,结果表明:4种方法的平均受精率不存在显著差异(P>0.05),其中完整精荚移植法66.2%,输精管移植法为66.8%,精荚切块移植法65.4%,精液移植法46.8%。4种方法获得的幼体平均孵化率均很高,都在80%以上,单因素方差分析结果表明,4种方法也不存在显著差异(P>0.05),其中精液移植法最高,为92.7%;精荚切块移植法最低,为84.5%;其他两种方法依次为:输精管移植法为91.3%,完整精荚移植法为88.2%。通过4种人工授精方法,获得了29个半同胞家系,全同胞家系的总量达到了101个,为以后的选择育种工作打下了基础。In the experiment, besides entire spermatophore transplantation and spermaduct wansplantation, partial spermatophore transplantation and semen transplantation were firstly used in artificial insemination of Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Artificial insemination ratc, fertilization ratc and hatching ratc were compared among the four methods. The results indicated that artificial insemination ratc of four methods was high, the highest was 80.8 % and the lowest was 53.3 %. The difference of average fertilization rate of four methods was not significant, the average fertilization rate was, 66.2% in entire spermatophore transplantation, 66.8% in spermaduct transplantation, 65.4 % in partial spermatophore transplantation, 46.8 % in semen wansplantation. The difference of average hatching rate of four methods was not significant, the average hatching rate of four methods was high, 88.2%, 91.3%, 84.5%, 92.7%,respectively. By using four methods, 101 full-sibs families were obtained, including 29 half-sibs families. The results of the experiment will establish foundation for producing full-and half-sibs families, and the technology can provide basis for shrimp breeding programs.

关 键 词：中国对虾 人工授精 移植 受精率 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖] S961.2[农业科学—水产科学]