黄土高原西部兰州市郊地貌驱动的土壤水分变化及对植物的影响分析  

Soil Water Variation in Different Terrains and Influence on Plant in Lanzhou Suburb on Western Loess Plateau

作　　者：段争虎[1] 肖洪浪[1] 宋耀选[1] 程国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2006年第4期522-526,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家科技攻关计划项目"兰州市郊黄土丘陵雨养生态系统建植技术研究"(2004BA901A15);"沙区水资源承载力与植被优化配置技术研究"(2005BA517A02);兰州市"种子资金"项目(04-1-32)资助

摘　　要：选择黄土高原造林的主要模式,即梯田、水平沟、鱼鳞坑和台地等,并按照阴阳坡向,栽植树种等的不同,采用中子水分仪每10d测定土壤水分一次,对各种造林模式下土壤水分进行了长期的监测研究,研究结果表明:在春季植物萌发之前,无植物生长影响的情况下,土壤水分含量阴坡高于阳坡,南山与北山同坡向相比,南山的水分条件要好于北山;4月中旬以后,受植物生长消耗的影响,北山的水分含量大于南山,南山的水分波动则大于北山;鱼鳞坑、水平沟都具有一定的集水保水作用,但这种集水的作用与降水量的大小有关,水平沟由于面积较大,表面覆膜集水效果更好;阴坡梯田由外向内随着距离的增加,水分呈现逐渐增加的趋势,梯田内侧达到最大。Against different slope direction and tree species we have conducted long-term monitoring on soil water in some important afforestation models on the Loess Plateau： terrace, level-gouge, fish-scale pit, and mesa and so on. The soil water content was measured once ten days by neutron probe. Some results have been got as follows： （1） Before seed germination, the soil water of shaded hillside without the effects of plants was more than that of sunny hillside;In same direction slope, the soil water condition of the southern mountains was better than that of the northern. （2） After middle April, affected by plant growth the soil water of the northern mountains was more than that of the southern, but the varying of soil water in the southern mountains was faster than that in the northern. （3）The afforestation models-fish-scale pit and level-gouge had function of water-collecting and water-maintaining, but the function was related to rainfall; the surface area of level-gouge was bigger, so the effect of water-collecting would be better if overlaid with plastic film. （4） The soil water of terrace on shaded hillside was increasing from outside to inside.

关 键 词：土壤水分 植树造林 地形 兰州南北两山 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学]