干旱对夏玉米碳素同化、运转与分配的影响研究  

Studies on accumulation,translocation and redistribution of carbon in summer maize under drought

作　　者：隋方功[1] 葛体达[1] 刘鹏起[1] 吕银燕[1] 周广胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]莱阳农学院农学系,莱阳265200 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2006年第3期234-236,F0003,共4页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究(973)发展规划项目(G1999043407)资助

摘　　要：试验研究全生育期干旱对夏玉米光合特性及C素同化、运转及分配的影响结果表明,水分胁迫对夏玉米各生育期C素代谢的自身规律影响较小,主要是改变C素同化、运转、分配的绝对量和分配率。水分胁迫下夏玉米干物质及其各器官干物质累积速率降低,总量减少,且不同器官干物质转移率、转移量及其对雌穗重的贡献发生改变,叶面积系数、叶绿素含量和光合速率减少,分配、转移到生殖器官的同化物减少。充分供水处理具有最大的干物质累积量和正常的C素代谢,合理的水分供应促进玉米植株生育前期总生物量的积累以及生育后期干物质从营养体向籽粒的转移,成熟期营养器官中的非结构性碳水化合物滞留少,向籽粒中的运转彻底,可获得较高籽粒产量。The photosynthetic characteristics,carbon accumulation, translocation and redistribution of summer maize were studied during the whole growing period under drought stress. The results indicate that the pattern of the carbon metabolism of maize is not significantly influenced by water deficient, although the total amount of accumulation, translocation, redistribution and transfer rates in the different growth stages are much different under drought. Under water stress, the dry matter and its accumulation rate of different organs are decreased. Leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate are reduced while the amount of dry weight transferred, transfer rate and the percentage of ear weight in the different organs are changed under drought. The treatment of full-water supply owns the largest dry matter accumulation and the normal carbon metabolism. The proper water supply can effectively promote the dry matter accumulation during the prophase growth stages, and it can also stimulate the vegetative organs to transfer to grain at the evening of growth stages. This suggests that the remained non-structive carbohydrates in vegetative organs are fewer and the redistributed dry matter mainly contributes to higher grain weight, thus getting higher corn yields.

关 键 词：夏玉米 干旱 碳素同化 运转 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] TD94[矿业工程—选矿]