邛海高山型血吸虫病流行区不同人群疫水暴露方式和时间  

Water exposure modes and times of different populations in mountainous schistosomiasis endemic areas near Qionghai lake

作　　者：钟波[1] 梁松 张奕[1] 赖玉华 陈琳[1] 尹洪智[3] 赵一鸣[4] 吕旌乔[4] 邱东川[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病防治所,成都610041 [2]University of California Berkeley,USA [3]四川省凉山彝族自治州西昌市血吸虫病防治站 [4]北京大学第三医院临床流行病学研究中心

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2006年第4期239-243,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：美国国立卫生研究院资助项目(NIH 1R01-A150612);中组部"西部之光"项目

摘　　要：目的了解高山型血吸虫病流行区不同人群暴露疫水的方式和时间,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供依据。方法2001年11月,用回顾问卷方式调查邛海周边按职业分层随机抽取的1054名常住居民于2001年4至10月疫水暴露的方式、频次和持续时间。结果种植水稻、烟及蔬菜的农民疫水平均暴露时间(中位数16-18 min／d)和平均暴露强度(中位数2．41-2．5)大于其他人群的平均暴露时间(中位数3．74-7．39 min／d)和平均暴露强度(中位数0．81-1．52),种植烟叶的农民疫水暴露频次(中位数2．04次／d)高于其他职业,学生儿童组暴露的频次和时间不高,但暴露强度很高(中位数2．34)。4至6月份是该地区的农忙季节,也是成年人疫水暴露的高峰季节。而学生儿童组疫水暴露的高峰季节在7、8月,主要是戏水和游泳。妇女的暴露时间和暴露强度均高于男性。结论西昌高山型血吸虫病流行区不同人群疫水暴露方式、时间和暴露强度不同。在4至6月通过生产性接触疫水,是成年人易感的高峰季节,在7至8月通过非劳动方式接触疫水,是学生儿童易感的高峰季节。Objective To investigate water exposure modes and times of different populations in mountainous schistosomiasis endemic areas and to inform about the control strategies. Methods All 1054 residents from populations around Qionghai Lake were randomly sampled according to occupation for a retrospective questionnaire survey in November 2001. Each individual was interviewed for his/her mode, frequency, and duration of water exposure occurring between April and October 2001. Results The average exposure times and intensity were higher in farmers （median： 16 -18 min/day and 2.41 -2.5, respectively） who grow rice, tobacco, and vegetables than others （median： 3.74 -7.39 rain/day and 0. 81 - 1.52, respectively） ; exposure frequency was found highest in farmers （ median： 2. 04 times/day） in all occupations; schoolchildren had low exposure frequency and times, but very high exposure intensity （ median 2. 34）. Between April and June it is an agriculturally busy season, that is also a peak season of water exposure of adults. Schoolchildren＇s water exposure peaks on July and August, mainly due to playing water and swimming. Exposure times and intensities were higher in females than in males. Conclusion Water exposure modes, times, and intensities of different populations were different in mountainous schistosomiasis endemic areas of Xichang. Between April and June should be the peak infection season of adults who are engaging in agricultural activities, while July to August should be the peak infection season for schoolchildren with non-agricultural activities.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 环境暴露 高山型 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]