青藏铁路青海段沿线饮用水源卫生学调查  

The Hygienic Survey on Drinking Water Source Quality in Qinghai Section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Areas

作　　者：袁建生[1] 符春晓 阎海珠[1] 张金环[1] 曹海兰[1] 葛华[1] 刘双德[1] 龙启萍[1] 郭学斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省疾病预防控制中心,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2006年第4期319-322,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：青海省卫生厅科研项目(Y139-2002-02)

摘　　要：目的了解青藏铁路青海段沿线饮用水源水质卫生状况。方法2002年7月—2004年12月,在青藏铁路一期工程的柴达木盆地内陆水系、青海湖内陆水系、湟水河上游水系设采样点23处。在二期工程的格尔木河、楚玛尔河、沱沱河、通天河水系设采样点14处,按照《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)开展水源地卫生学调查并对感官性状和一般化学指标(17项)、毒理学指标(10项)、微生物指标(2项)、放射性指标(2项)进行水质分析,同时还分析了水中7种主要阴阳离子和氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮。结果一期工程枯水期氮化合物、毒理学指标均合格,放射性、感官化学指标合格率为95.65%(22/23),微生物指标合格率为91.30%(21/23)鸦丰水期毒理学、放射性指标均合格,感官化学指标合格率为95.65%(22/23),氮化合物和微生物指标合格率分别为86.96%(20/23)、91.30%(21/23),较枯水期合格率有所下降。超标项目有总硬度、氯化物、总大肠菌群、总α放射性、亚硝酸盐氮。二期工程毒理学、放射性指标、氮化合物均合格,微生物指标枯、丰水期合格率分别为92.86%(13/14)、100%(14/14)。感官化学指标枯、丰水期合格率分别为50.00%(7/14)、35.71%(5/14)。超标项目有总硬度、铁、锰、硫酸盐、氯化物、溶解性总固体、耗氧量、钠、总大肠菌群。通天河、格尔木河、柴达木内陆河、青海湖内陆河、湟水河上游水质为重碳酸盐型,沱沱河、楚玛尔河水质为氯化物型。结论按照《农村实施“生活饮用水卫生标准”准则》,青藏铁路青海段一期工程沿线23个水源水采样点中,91.3%(21/23)达到一级水源;二级水源为8.7%(2/23);无三级和超三级水源。二期工程14个采样点中,一级水源为28.57%(4/14),二级水源为21.43%(3/14),三级水源为7.14%(1/14),超三级水源为42.86%(6/14),超三级水源中有4个采样点因矿化物严重超标不可作为人群饮用水源。Objective In order to understand the quality of drinking water sources and the environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway areas. Methods In 2002-2004, the first and second phase of the project of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 37 sampling sites were chosen in the dry and rainy seasons and the water samples were analyzed according to the national standard test methods. Results In the first phase of the project, the eligible rates of the 39 test indexes of the water sources of 23 sampling sites in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway areas were 82%-95% in the dry season and some decreased in the rainy season. In the second phase, the eligible rates of the test indexes of the water sources of 14 sampling sites were 50%-100% in dry season and in the rainy season, the trend was the same as in the first phase. Conclusion Among the 37 water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet railway areas,the percent of grade I, grade ]I, grade Ⅲ and above grade Ⅲ water source was 67.57%, 13.51%,2.70% and 16.22% respectively, some water sources can not be used as the drinking water sources due to the bad quality.

关 键 词：水 卫生调查 青藏铁路 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]