包世臣与嘉道年间的学风转变  

Bao Shi-chen and the transformation of academic styles from Jiaqing to Daoguang

作　　者：郑大华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《安徽史学》2006年第4期42-48,共7页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：包世臣是嘉道年间学风转变的代表人物之一。这主要表现在以下三个方面:第一,是他的经世思想形成早。早在1800年前后包世臣的经世思想即已形成并趋于成熟,其标志是1801年他《说储》上下二篇的成书。这至少要早于龚自珍和魏源的经世思想的形成20年左右。第二,是他的经世思想具有代表性。就包世臣的经世思想来看,具有两个显著的特征:一是批判旧学,摆脱汉学、宋学的束缚;二是强调学以致用,重视社会实践。这两个特征也正是嘉道时期学风转变的显著标志。第三,是他的经世思想影响较大。包世臣的经世思想主要通过三条途径发生影响:一是入幕;二是交友;三是著述。包世臣对于嘉道时期学风的转变具有承上启下的作用。所谓“承上”,是继承了“清初诸老”的“实用之学”。所谓“启下”,是开启了嘉道时期的“经世之学”。The academic style changing during the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang , Ban Shi - chen was one of representative figures. The main aspects were as follows ： Firstly, Ban Shi - then＇ s thought of ruling a country developed earlier. It had developed and tended to mature around 1800, marked by the book named ＂shuo chu＂includlng two articles in 1801 .So it was at least 20 years earlier than that of Gong Zi - zhen and Wei Yuan. Secondly, Bao Shi -chen＇ s thought of ruling a country was of representativeness. And there were two noted characteristics ： one was to criticize the old doctrine and break away from Han doctrine and Song doctrine ; the other was to emphasize the application of knowledge to practice and social practice. Those two charateristics were just remarkable symbols during the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang. Thirdly, his thought had a great effect. It mainly influenced other people through three approaches ： assuming the office of an assistant to a high official, making friends, writing. Bao shi -chen played a role,a connecting link between the preceding and the following,in the transformation of academic style. Socalled ＂inheriting the preceding＂was inheriting those doctrines about application of such scholars in early Qing Dynasty, and socaUed ＂enlightenment＂ was to enlighten the doctrine on ruling a country during the period of Jiaqing and Danguang.

关 键 词：嘉道年间 包世臣 经世思潮 学风转变 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学] K825.81[历史地理—中国史]