香蕉黑星病菌形态与生物学特性  

Morphology and biology of banana freckle disease causal agent Macrophoma musae

作　　者：蒲金基[1] 张欣 谢艺贤[1] 漆艳香[1] 张辉强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《果树学报》2006年第4期576-580,i0004,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院科技基金资助项目(编号:Rky0515)

摘　　要：为更好地了解香蕉黑星病和指导病害防治,对该病病原菌Macrophomamusae的形态作了系统描述并详细测定了该菌的生物学特性。生物学特性研究表明,在PDA平板上,香蕉黑星病菌在10～35℃均能生长,适宜生长温度为20～30℃,最适生长温度是28℃,PDA、PSA和V8培养基上生长较好,病原菌在pH3～10均能生长,pH4～8生长较好,pH7生长最佳,马铃薯琼脂培养基中添加不同的糖对病原菌生长有不同的影响,其中以蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖最好,淀粉和乳糖最差,PDA培养基中添加2%的不同的氮源对病原菌生长有抑制作用,在添加氯化铵的PDA上不能生长,光照对病原菌的生长有明显促进作用,振荡培养对病原菌生长的促进作用不明显,病原菌的致死温度为55℃10min。分生孢子在蒸馏水中萌发缓慢,Ca2+有促进孢子萌发的作用,其中10mmol/LCa2+对孢子萌发的促进作用最为明显。In order to enhance the understanding of banana freckle disease and to offer basis for the disease control, the morphology of banana freckle disease causal agent Macrophoma musae was observed, and its biological characteristics were studied. The result showed that the appropriate mediums for growth and sporulation were Potato dextrose agar （PDA） ,Potato sucrose agar（PSA） and 8 Vegetables juice（V8）. The fungus well grew on PDA plates at 20℃ to 30℃ with optimum temperature at 28℃. The fungus grew at broad pH condition of pH3-10, with the suitable pH near neutral. PDA （without dextrose） amended with different exogenous C sources promoted the fungal growth, among tested sucrose, fructose and dextrose were the best exogenous C sources for fungal growth. The tested 7 exogenous N sources at concentration of 2% in PDA had negative effect on the fungal growth, and the PDA amended ammonium chloride even completely inhibited the growth. The fungus grew better and produced more pycnidia amending fluorescent light. Shake during incubation had no significant effect on mycelial weight cultivated in liquid medium. The pycnidiospore germinated slowly in distilled water, but quickly in presence of Ca^2＋, highest germination rate was found in 10 inmol/L Ca^2＋ solution.

关 键 词：香蕉 黑星病菌 形态学 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学] S436.68[农业科学—园艺学]