甜樱桃胚珠、花粉发育与温度变化的关系  

Study on the relationship between the development of ovule and pollen of sweet cherry and the effect of temperature

作　　者：边卫东[1] 邓艳华[2] 朱育贤[3] 秦瑞[1] 陈玉林[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院,河北秦皇岛066600 [2]黄骅市教师进修学校,河北黄骅061100 [3]武安市职教中心,河北武安056300

出　　处：《果树学报》2006年第4期609-612,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

摘　　要：为探明甜樱桃性细胞发育规律及其所需的温度条件,利用石腊切片方法观察了露地栽培条件下,甜樱桃胚珠、胚囊和花粉发生发育过程的形态变化特征及其所需最低和最高温度。结果表明,甜樱桃的胚珠、胚囊和花粉发育,是在春季伴随着温度逐渐升高完成的;花前21￣35d,随着气温的升高,小孢子母细胞由相互连接在一起逐渐分离呈游离状态,在开花前21d的萌芽期前后完成2次分裂,由一个细胞分裂成四个细胞(四分体)形成花粉粒,此过程是在较低的温度(-0.1￣12.8℃)条件下完成;萌芽以后,胚珠的发育速度加快,开花前14d左右完成胚珠发育过程,胚囊的形成是在开花前7d内完成;甜樱桃的胚珠由单层珠被、珠心及胚囊构成。试验结果可为甜樱桃设施栽培的温度管理提供参考。In order to investigate the developmental characteristics and the required temperature of the germ cells of sweet cherry, the morphologic characteristics and the required lowest and highest temperature of the developmental process of ovule, embryo sac and pollen of sweet cherry in the field were observed by microscopic method. Results showed that： the development of ovule, embryo and pollen accomplished along with the gradually rise of temperature in spring; Mother cells of microspore were separated gradually along with the increase of temperature in the period of 21 to 35 days before blooming, and the pollen emerged following the formation of tetrad after the two divisions at the stage of bud breaking （about 21 days before blooming）; The division of the mother cell of microspore took place at a condition of lower temperature（-0.1 to 12.8℃）. After bud breaking, the ovule development was accelerated and accomplished at about 14 days before blooming. The embryo sac was formed within 7 days before blooming. The ovule of sweet cherry was consisted of single layer of integument, nucellus and embryo sac. The results of this experiment may provide reference to the temperature management of the protected culture of sweet cherry.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 胚珠 胚囊 花粉 显微观察 温度 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]