应用土壤无机氮测试进行棉花氮肥推荐研究  

Study on Cotton Nitrogen Recommendation Based on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Test

作　　者：陈志超[1] 田长彦[1] 马英杰[1] 刘宏平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

出　　处：《棉花学报》2006年第4期242-247,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：中国科学院农办项目(NB15-E-02);农业部"引进国际先进农业科学技术"重大国际合作项目(2003-Z53);新疆自治区重点科技攻关项目(2001BA507A04-P02)资助

摘　　要：在南疆滴灌条件下进行氮肥大田试验，对应用土壤无机氮测试进行棉花氮素营养诊断及氮肥推荐进行了研究。结果表明，滴灌随水追肥技术有明显的增产节肥作用。在取得皮棉2728．8kg·hm^-2时，需施氮229．5kg·hm^-2。考虑土壤供氮能力，通过测定各生育期不同层次土壤供氮量，发现其与产量有很好的相关性，确定了相应的供氮量临界值。0～40cm土壤供氮量对棉花产量有很大的贡献，40cm以上层次的土壤无机氮可以表征土壤供氮能力。以0～20cm土壤无机氮为氮素诊断指标，由土壤无机氮推荐施肥表，估算出了棉花各生育期应采用的氮肥追施用量。The experimental area is located in Kongque Farm, Yuli County, Xinjiang. In the area the annual precipitation is 45 mm only ,the annual evaporation, however ,is as high as 2200 mm. The area is rich in sunshine, the sunshine duration is 3023 hours, the accumulated temperature （≥10℃） is 4200℃ , and the frost-free period is 184 days. Based on field fertilizer experiment of cotton under drip irrigation in the area, cotton nitrogen diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation with soil inorganic nitrogen quick test was studied. Results showed that drip fertilization had the significant effects on yield. The reasonable amount of nitrogen needed for getting the highest lint yield of 2728.8 kg · hm^-2 was 229.5 kg · hm^-2. By considering soil capacity to supply nitrogen, the relationship between cotton yield and soil plus fertilizer N supply capacity was established, then the optimum N supply of different soil lay was calculated by testing inorganic nitrogen concentration in different soil lay before sowing. The nitrogen needed for optimum yield of cotton were 244.8,261.9,282.7 kg · hm^-2 based on Nmin concentration of soil layers in 0-20 cm,0-40 cm and 0-60 cm, respectively. Soil plus fertilizer N supply capacity in different growth stage were significantly correlated with lint cotton yield, thus the critical value for different soil lay N supply were established. Among three soil lays, 0-40 cm N supply had the great works to cotton yield,and the inorganic nitrogen of upper 40 cm soil can represent the soil N-supplying capacity. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen in topsoil （0 - 20 cm） should be an available diagnosis index for nitrogen topdressing recommendation. According to the index and the critical value of N supply, the rate of nitrogen topdressing of different growth stage should be calculated.

关 键 词：土壤无机氮 氮肥推荐 滴灌 棉花 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]