棉花耐盐机理与盐害控制研究进展  

Advance in Studies of the Mechanism of Salt Tolerance and Controlling of Salt Damage in Upland Cotton

作　　者：蒋玉蓉[1] 吕有军[1] 祝水金[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院农学系,杭州310029

出　　处：《棉花学报》2006年第4期248-254,共7页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家973计划基金(2004CB117305);国家自然科学基金(30471108)

摘　　要：综述了棉花耐盐机理、耐盐性鉴定方法和盐害控制技术的研究进展。棉花耐盐机理与一般植物存在着较大的差异,对盐分胁迫下的植株体内离子分布、细胞膜结构和稳定性以及渗透压调节作用等方面进行了探讨,总结了运用传统育种和现代生物技术改良和提高棉花耐盐性方面取得的进展。此外,提出了从棉花品种、栽培技术、种子引发技术和土壤改良等方面盐碱地植棉的综合技术体系。The mechanism of Salt tolerance, methods of salt tolerance identification, and the techniques for salt damage controlling were reviewed in this paper. The cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L. ） was placed in the moderately salt-tolerant group of plant species with a salinity threshold level 0.3% at which initial yield of cotton declines and with a 50 % reduction in yield at 0.5 %. However, the growth of cotton plant is severely affected at different stages of the plant life cycle in saline medium, especially at germination and emergence stages. Salt stress adversely affects the biomass production, i. e. , an inhibition in both length and number of secondary roots, a decrease in leaf area, stem thickness, shoot and root weight, the number of bolls and an increase in the percentage of bolls shedding, which ultimately brings about decrease in seed cotton yield. There are various reports regarding the salinity stress on fiber characteristics, which may be due to the differential responses of different genetically based cultivars to salt stress with respective to fiber characteristics. High salinity level adverse affects photosynthesis and reduces N and P uptake in cotton. Research studies indicate decrease in nitrogen of leaf cotton with increasing salinity levels. Salinity increases Na^＋ and Cl^- and decreases K^＋ , Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ in leaves of cotton. Slight increases in K^＋ and modest accumulation of Na^＋ with increase in salinity have also been found in literature. Maintenance of high tissue K/Na and Ca/K ratio is suggested to be an important selection criterion for salt tolerance in cotton. There are some difference in the mechanism of the salt tolerance between cotton and other crops, and many scientists have worked on that field to find out the mechanism of the salt tolerance in the distribution of the differentions in the plant, the structure and stability of the cell membrane during the salty stress, as well as the regulalting effect of the osmotic pressure. Generally salt tolerance in cotton has bee

关 键 词：棉花 耐盐 机理 鉴定 离子 渗透 细胞膜 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]