陇东黄土旱塬区几种作物田间耗水量及土壤水分亏缺分异特征  

VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD WATER CONSUMPTION AND SOIL WATER DEFICIT FOR SOME CROPS GROWING ON THE RAINFED LOESS PLATEAU OF EASTERN GANSU

作　　者：李锋瑞[1] 高崇岳[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学干旱农业生态国家实验室,甘肃草原生态研究所

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》1996年第3期259-267,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：甘肃省环保局资助

摘　　要：基于陇东黄土干旱塬区轮作及复种模式田间试验土壤水分观测资料，对轮作种植下几种作物的农田耗水量、土壤贮水利用程度及土壤水分亏缺分异规律及数量特征进行了比较分析．主要结论是：在完全雨养农业生产条件下，降水年型、作物播期和生育期及作物耗水特性不同是引起作物田间耗水量、土壤贮水利用程度及土壤水分亏缺分异的主要原因；秋播冬小麦田间耗水对播前土壤贮水表现了较大的依赖性，而播前土壤贮水对春播玉米、马铃薯和谷子生长耗水的补偿效应相对较小；秋播与春播作物在农田土壤贮水利用程度及土壤水分亏缺状况方面的差异也很明显，这表现在无论干旱年还是丰雨年．秋播冬小麦对土壤贮水的利用程度显著高于春播玉米、马铃薯和谷子，而其生育期土壤水分亏缺状况则比春播玉米、马铃薯和谷子严重得多，尽管春播各作物间也存在着一定的差异．The law of field water consumption, variation characteristics of soil water utilization degree and soil water deficit.as well as the relationship among crop production, water use efficiency and field water consumption by some crops were examined based on the observations of soil water in a 3 a field experiment on crop rotation systems conducted on the rainfed Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu during the years between 1988￣1991. Field water consumption, soil water utilizating degree and soil water deficit varied in different year types of precipitation for four crops,and also differed among different crops in the same year. Irrespective of dry year or wet year,field water consumption of the autumn-sown winter wheat appeared to be more dependent upon soil water storage than the spring-sown corn, potato and pearl millet. Besides,the autumn-sown crop experienced a severer soil water deficit within its phenostages than the spring--sown crop. This occurred because there were obvious differences in sowing time,phenological stages and water consumption features for the spring-sown crop and autumn-sown crop.

关 键 词：作物生态学 田间耗水量 土壤贮水 水分亏缺 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]