毛乌素沙地高等植物资源  

Investigation of the Resources of Higher Plants in the Maowusu Sandy Land

作　　者：白岗栓[1] 李志熙[2] 张占山 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西榆林学院,陕西榆林719000 [3]安塞县延河项目办公室,陕西安塞717400

出　　处：《草地学报》2006年第2期170-180,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCXI-06);国家"十.五"科技攻关计划项目(2004BA508B14);科技部重点科技项目(2002BA901A43)

摘　　要：为了解禁牧和退耕后毛乌素沙地的植被状况,2002-2004年在查阅相关资料和野外调查的基础上,对沙地高等植物资源进行统计与分析。结果表明:毛乌素沙地的高等植物共有1106种,分属于98科420属;主要科有菊科、禾本科、豆科、蔷薇科和藜科;主要属有蒿属、黄芪属、葱属、柳属、杨属;主要种有油蒿、沙竹、牛心朴子、沙柳和乌柳;植被类型主要有草原植被、草原和荒漠灌丛、沙生植被、草甸植被、盐生植被、沼泽和沼泽性植被、水生植被,其中沙生植被占主导地位,其次为草甸植被;植物群落主要有油蒿群落、油蒿—柠条群落和沙柳、乌柳、沙棘组成的“柳湾”;简述了毛乌素沙地的植被特征,提出灌木应为该区植被建设的主要物种,加强灌、草、乔之间的结合。Since the launch of the project of banning grazing and ＂givng up grain for green grass＂, the vegetation in the Maowusu Sandy Land have flourished. To determine the vegetation status of the area at the time, we counted and analyzed the area＇s data of the higher plants, based on related materials and the field investigation conducted from 2002 through 2004. Results show that there were altogether 1106 higher vegetable species in the Maowusu Sandy Land, which belonged to 98 families and 420 genera. The main families included Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, and Chenopodiaceae. The main genera contained Artemisia, Astragalus, Allium, Salix, and Populus; while Artemisa ordosica, Psammochloa villosa, Cynanchum kancockianum, Salix ckeilopkila, and Salix microstackya were the principal species. The 7 vegetion types in the region were grassland vegetation, grassland and desert shrubbery, sandy vegetation, meadow vegetation, halophyte vegetation, marsh and swamp vegetation, and aquatic vegetation. Among them the dominant one was sandy vegetation; next came the meadow vegetation. Leading plant communities included form. Artemisia ordosica , Form. Artemisia ordosica ＋Caragana korskinskii , Form. Salix microstachya , Form. Salix cheilophila ＋S. microstackya, and Form. Hippophae rhamnoides＋ Salix cheilophila. The paper also gives a brief depiction of the vegetation characteristics of the Maowusu Sandy Land and suggests that shrubberies be the chief plants for vegetation construction in the area, combining with grasses and arbores.

关 键 词：毛乌素沙地 植物资源 植被类型 植物群落 分布特征 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]