柴达木盆地家庭牧场暖棚养畜及其生态效益分析  

Ecological Benefit Analysis on Hothouse Breeding of Domestic Range Land in Chaidamu Basin

作　　者：王启基[1] 王文颍[2] 施建军 董全民 马玉寿 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]青海师范大学,青海西宁810008 [3]青海畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810003

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2006年第3期90-94,共5页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关项目(97-924-03);中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重点项目(210126)资助

摘　　要：示范试验结果表明，在柴达木盆地干旱、多风的农牧交错带利用弃耕地建立人工草地和修建暖棚等基础设施，对提高冬春季节羊舍温度、湿度，改善家畜生存环境，减少绵羊体能消耗，提高畜牧业生产效益具有重要的意义，尤其对改良绵羊的产羔育幼有明显的效果。从1月1日-5月31日暖棚内的日平均温度明显高于暖棚外的温度，期间暖棚内日平均温度为12．3℃；而棚外的日平均温度为1．2℃；暖棚内外平均温差为11．1℃。据1999年12月13日-2000年4月13日测定，建有暖棚的1岁龄公羔、2岁龄羯羊、成年绵羊的平均体重分别为34．5kg/只、41．1kg/只、44．1kg/只，没有暖棚设施的平均体重分别为为23．81kg/只、35．4kg/只、39．10kg/只。有暖棚的平均体重较没有暖棚的分别高44．89％、16．10％、12．79％。期间没有暖棚的1岁龄公羔、2岁龄羯羊、成年绵羊较有暖棚的分别多减重1．27kg/只、6．64kg/只、7．48kg/只，即没暖棚的较有暖棚分别多减重0．25倍、2．5倍和1倍；实施种草养畜和优化畜牧业生产结构提高了适龄母畜比例、出栏率和商品率，经济效益和生态效益明显。The result of the experiment shows that it is important to construct artificial grassland farm and hothouse in abandoned lands on farming- pastoral ecotone of Chaidamu basin where it is drought and windy. These measures can increase temperature and humidity of hothouse in spring and winter, improve livestock＇ s living environment, decrease the sheep＇s energy consumption and improve production efficiency of animal husbandry, especially effective to improve the lambing and nursing. Daily mean temperature form Jan. 1st to May 31st inside the hothouse was obviously higher than that outside the hothouse from December 13th, 1999 to Apr 13th,2000,the average weight of 1 - year- old lamb,2 - year - old wether and adult sheep beth inside and outsid the hothouse were measured. The result shows that the average weight of these sheep inside the hothouse is higher than these of outside the hothouse. It reveals that planting grass to feed livestock and bettering the productive structure of animal husbandry can improve proportion of breeding sheep, slaughter rate, merchandise rate and economic and ecological benefit.

关 键 词：柴达木盆地 家庭牧场 暖棚 生态效益分析 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]