滇金丝猴地理分布、种群数量与相关生态学的研究  

STUDY ON GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION OF THE YUNNAN SNUB NOSED MONKEY

作　　者：龙勇诚[1] 钟泰 肖李 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,德钦县白马雪山自然保护区管理局

出　　处：《Zoological Research》1996年第4期437-441,共5页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：中国科学院"八五"重大项目内容世界野生动物基金

摘　　要：经过８年的野外考察，我国特有的珍稀濒危动物滇金丝猴（Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｂｉｅｔｉ）的现状已基本查明。这一物种的全部现存自然种群只有１３个，分布在云南的德钦、兰坪、维西、丽江和西藏的芒康５县境内。其现存种群数量约为１０００—１５００只。该物种分布范围的东界是金沙江，西界是澜沧江，分布最北的１个猴群的纬度为２９°２０′Ｎ，最南的１个猴群的纬度为２６°１４′Ｎ。所有现存自然种群几乎均处在相互隔离状态，呈岛屿分布，群间不可能进行基因交流。其栖息地内的森林中，高大乔木主要为冷杉，林中灌木主要为杜鹃和竹林。猴群长年生活在海拔３８００－４３００ｍ的原始冷杉林中，但有时也会在４３００－４７００ｍ的低矮灌丛、草甸和流石滩上活动达数小时之久，甚至能跨越近千米的无林高海拔地带；因而它是海拔分布最高的非人灵长类。松萝是它的主要食物，取食松萝的时间占其取食时间的９１％。猴群活动范围相当大，可达近百平方公里。After eight years′'field survey,The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti),anendangered species endemic to China,was estimated to be 1000-1500 individuals spread in13 natural groups. All these groups were isolated due to fragmentation of its habitat,therefore,the genetic diversity in each of the groups or populations was low. This species was confined to the area between Jinshajiang (upper part of the Yangtze River) to the east andLancangjiang (upper part of the Mekong River)to the west.The northernmost group was located in Xiaochangdu (29° 20′N, 98° 37′E),and the southernmost group in Longmashan(26°14′N, 99°15′E). The species was the non-human primate species found at the highestelevations, and this was the prime forces in the evolution of the monkey′s uncommonmorphological and behavioral adaptation. The dominant conspicuous tree canopy of its habitat was fir dotted with a few small larch patches,and most of the understorey was eitherrhododendron (when above 3700 m asl.)or bamboo(when lower than 3700 m asl.)scrub.The monkey spent 87% of its feeding time in fir tree,and its main food was the lichen(Bryoria nepolensis), an epiphyte on fir.About twenty-two percent of its time were spent onthe ground or rock outcrops during the day time.Its home range might be over 100 km2.Mondey groups sometimes went up to a few hundred meters above tree line(4700 m asl.)and cross wide alpine meadow patches on top of snow mountain.Further conservation action on this precious animal should be implemented as soon as possible,and this might beextremly important to protect the ecosystem in the watersheds of both the Yangtze River andthe Mekong River.

关 键 词：灵长目 滇金丝猴 地理分布 种群数量 生态 

分 类 号：Q959.848[生物学—动物学]