浙江红壤性水稻土油菜-水稻-水稻轮作制中磷矿粉的管理  

APPLICATION OF PHOSPHATE ROCK IN RAPESEED-RICE-RICE CROPPING SYSTEM ON AN ACID PADDY SOIL IN CENTRAL ZHEJIANG

作　　者：孟赐福[1] 曹志洪[1] 姜培坤[1] 徐秋芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江林学院生命科学学院

出　　处：《土壤学报》2006年第4期599-604,共6页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(19990118);国际肥料发展研究中心资助

摘　　要：为了探明磷矿粉在油菜-水稻-水稻轮作制中的有效施用方法,在一个发育于第四纪红色黏土的酸性水稻土上进行了3 a田间试验。试验结果显示:施用磷肥对油菜的增产效应显著比水稻大。当将过磷酸钙P 120 kg hm-2分施于油菜、早稻和晚稻,而将磷矿粉P120 kg hm-2集中施于油菜时,油菜的增产效应:Gafsa磷矿粉>昆阳磷矿粉>过磷酸钙;早稻的增产效应:Gafsa磷矿粉≈昆阳磷矿粉>过磷酸钙;晚稻的增产效应:过磷酸钙>Gafsa磷矿粉>昆阳磷矿粉。Gafsa磷矿粉和昆阳磷矿粉对油菜、早稻和晚稻的相对农学有效性分别为108.7%、105.0%、99.6%和89.4%、104.8%、97.1%。增加磷矿粉用量或将磷矿粉与过磷酸钙混合分施于3季,并未增加油菜和水稻的产量。油菜收获后的耕层土壤有效磷含量高于水稻收获后的耕层土壤有效磷含量。耕层土壤有效磷含量与油菜相对产量之间呈显著的正相关,而与水稻相对产量之间则无显著的相关性。A 3-year field experiment was carried out to determine effective methods of applying phosphate rock （PR） at a rate of P 120 kg hm^-2 a^-1 on an acid paddy soil derived from quaternary red clay in a rapeseed-rice-rice cropping system. The yield response of rapeseed to application of phosphorus fertilizer （PF） was much greater than that of rice. SSP was applied separately to rapeseed, early rice, and late rice, while PR was applied only to rapeseed. Kunyang phosphate rock （KPR） was found to be significantly less effective than Gafsa phosphate rock （GPR） on rapeseed, but quite similar on rice. Relative agronomic effectiveness of GPR and KPR in rapeseed, early rice, and later rice seasons were 108.7%, 105.0%, 99.6% and 89.4%, 104.8 %, 97.1%, respectively. Increasing the application rate of GPR from P 120 kg hm^- 2 a^- 1 to P 240 kg hm^- 2 a^- 1 or mixing RP with SSP and applying the mixture to separately to three crops did not have any extra effect on yields of rapeseed or rice. Available P in the cultivated layer of soil after the rapeseed season was greater than that after the rice seasons. Phosphorus absorbed by rapeseed was mainly from the PF, whereas P absorbed by rice was mainly from soil.

关 键 词：农学有效性 磷矿粉 水稻 油菜 产量 轮作制 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S565.4