乌鲁木齐国际机场一次强雷暴天气分析  

Analysis of a Severe Thunderstorm Event in Urumqi International Airport

作　　者：黄海波[1,2] 米永胜 郑永光[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气科学系,100871 [2]民航新疆空中交通管理局气象中心 [3]国家气象中心

出　　处：《气象》2006年第7期58-63,i0001,共7页Meteorological Monthly

摘　　要：雷暴及伴随其出现的恶劣天气严重威胁飞行安全。利用常规气象资料、卫星云图、雷达回波结合湿位涡的诊断分析对2005年6月26日出现在乌鲁木齐国际机场的一次强雷暴天气进行了研究。结果表明(1)雷暴出现时,机场的地面要素场和天气变化剧烈,气温剧降,湿度暴增,气压涌升,并伴有大风和强阵雨。(2)此次强雷暴天气是由飑线引起的。飑线的形成可能与冷性的中-α尺度的高压和生命史较短的中-β尺度热低压之间的相互作用有关。(3)逆温层的存在抑制了水汽和热量向上的输送和扩散,冷空气的冲击破坏了逆温层,使累积的不稳定能量得以释放,强对流天气爆发。(4)925hPa的湿对称不稳定区域对于预报雷暴天气的落区具有一定的指示意义,强雷暴出现在MPV<0的大值区内。Both the evil weather derived from the thunderstorm and the thunderstorm itself are severe threats to the flight safety. Based on the conventional data, satellite image and radar echo combined with diagnostic analysis of moist potential vorticity, a severe thunder- storm event occurred in urumqi inter-national airport on June 26, 2005 is analyzed. The results show that： （1） when the thunder-storm occurred, the surface features and the weather of the airport changed abruptly as follows： the temperature lapsed, the humidity rose surprisingly with the pressure surging, the strong wind and heavy shower followed subsequently. （2） The event was triggered by a squall line. The genesis of the squall line may have relations with the interaction between a cold meso-α scale high pressure and a short-life warm meso-β scale low pressure. （3） Accumulated unstable enengy released explosively after the cold air damaged the inversion layer, which blocked the upward transportation and diffusion of water vapour and heat. （4） The moist symmetric unstable region of 925hPa indicates the thunderstorm location in some sense, a strong thunderstorm may occur in the central region where MPV〈0.

关 键 词：雷暴 飑线 逆温层 湿位涡 

分 类 号：P415.11[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] V351[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]