天大曀记录的天文年代分析  

An Astronomical Chronological Analysis of the Record of“the Sky Turned Very Dark”

作　　者：刘次沅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心,陕西临潼710600

出　　处：《时间频率学报》2005年第2期145-154,共10页Journal of Time and Frequency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(19973012)

摘　　要：古本《竹书纪年》记载有：“周昭王十九年,天大曀,雉兔皆震,丧六师于汉。”这与阴天发生的日全食现象十分相似。事件发生在昭王末年南征荆楚的过程中,地点应当在从周都到洞庭湖以南之间的某处。由前人的研究可知昭王十九年应在公元前1010～940年之间。在充分讨论了天文计算的不确定性后得到这一地区可见的9次大食分日食,其中公元前1009和976年的两次日食可能在洞庭湖以南造成日全食,其他地点也都有相当大的食分。在对夏商周断代工程得到的西周年表作微小调整后,昭王十九年天大睦可以认定为公元前976年5月31日日全食。这对“夏商周断代工程”所定出的昭王前后年代是一个独立的支持。The Bamboo Chronicle recorded： ＂In the 19^th year of King Zhao, the sky turned very dark, pheasants and hares were shocked, （King Zhao）lost 6 divisions of the army by River Han.＂This scene is very much like a total solar eclipse taking place in a cloudy sky. This event took place during the war years when King Zhao crusaded against the State Chu, and it should appear somewhere between the capital and the south of the Lake Dongting. The 19^th year of King Zhao should be one year in the period of BC 1010 - 940, according to related investigations. Through a wide discussion of astronomical parameters, this event can be identified with the total solar eclipse that took place on May 31,976 BC. This identification is demonstrated in this paper through a palaeographic, astronomical and chronological analysis. The result of this paper is an independent support to＂Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project＂after making a minor and reasonable adjustment to the related result of the project.

关 键 词：天文学史 年代学 西周 日食 天大噎 

分 类 号：P1-092[天文地球—天文学]