夏玉米氮效率基因型差异研究  

Genotypic variation in nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize

作　　者：徐祥玉[1] 张敏敏[1] 翟丙年[1] 李生秀[1] 张兴昌[1] 王朝辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2006年第4期495-499,522,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(30230230);国家自然科学基金重大项目(49890330);国家自然科学基金农业倾斜项目(30070429);国家重点基础研究专项经费(G1999011707);学校人才专项基金资助

摘　　要：利用田间小区试验,通过测定作物产量、收获指数、氮效率和氮响应度等指标,研究了陕西关中农业生产中常用的10个夏玉米杂交种的氮效率基因型差异。结果表明,无论施氮与否,10个夏玉米品种的子粒产量和生物学产量均表现出显著的基因型差异;其收获指数、氮效率和氮响应度,也存在显著的基因型差异。根据氮效率和氮响应度可将10个不同基因型分为四种类型:H-H型包括户单4号、陕资1号、掖单19;L-L型包括中单2号、豫玉22;H-L型包括陕单16、陕单902和户单2000;L-H型包括陕单9号和农大108。综合考虑氮效率类型和响应度,选择有代表性的基因型(户单4号、豫玉22和户单2000)测定氮累积量,计算氮利用效率和氮收获指数,结果表明,氮累积量不能反映氮效率类型,氮利用效率对氮效率的贡献与施氮水平有关;不论施氮与否,氮收获指数均能较好地反映氮效率类型。A field experiment was conducted to study the genotypic variation in nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize by quantify analyzing grain yield and biological yield, harvest index, nitrogen efficiency and responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that there are significant genotypic variation in grain yield and biological yield among different summer maize varieties whatever nitrogen application rate. So did the harvest index, nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen responsiveness. The tested maize varieties could be classified into four different types based on their nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen responsiveness. Hudan 4, Shanzi 1 and Yedan 19 belonged to H-H type （high N use efficiency with high N responsiveness） ; Zhongdan 2, Yuyu 22 belonged to L-L type （low N use efficiency with low N responsiveness） ; Shandanl6, Shandan 902 and Hudan 2000 belonged to H-L type （high N use efficiency with low N responsiveness）, and Shandan 9 and Nongdal08 belonged to L-H type （low N use efficiency and high N responsiveness）. Comprehensive considering nitrogen efficiency and responsiveness, three representative genotypes （ Hudan4, Yuyu 22 and Hudan 2000） were selected to determine their nitrogen accumulation, and compute their nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen index. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation couldn＇ t reflect the nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize accurately. The contribution to nitrogen use efficiency was given by nitrogen utilization efficiency rely on nitrogen rate, and the nitrogen index can well reflected the nitrogen use efficiency whatever nitrogen application rate.

关 键 词：夏玉米 氮效率 基因型差异 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]