数字水准仪的测量原理及测试精度分析  

Surveying principles of digital leveler and analysis of survey precision

作　　者：郑国才[1] 高俊强[1] 刘三枝[1] 胡灿[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学土木工程学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第4期77-82,107,共7页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：在电子水准仪的3种读数原理(相位法、相关法、几何法)中主要介绍了几何法,结合索佳电子水准仪SDL30M在实验场进行了视距长度测量、调焦质量、标尺前后左右倾斜和遮挡程度试验,并利用已有实验场进行了水准测量的对比实验,分析了上述实验结果,得到了以下几点结论:1)仪器实测精度与标称精度基本相符。2)视距测量误差与视距长度成正比,基本呈线形关系,100 m的视距长度误差一般不会达10 cm。3)调焦质量对观测成果(中丝读数)影响很小,但数据显示时间会相应延迟。4)在2°范围内标尺左右倾斜影响较小,一般在1 mm以内,超过2°误差迅速增大;标尺前后倾斜在2°范围影响较小,读数误差一般在0.2 mm以内,超过2°误差迅速增大。5)遮挡容许程度与距离有关,距离越近,容许遮挡率越低;距离越远,遮挡率越大。6)对某水准网对比测量表明采用该仪器完全可以满足工程二等水准测量要求,而且精度高、速度快。In three common reading principles of electronic leveler, that is , the methods of phase ／relativity ／ geometry. the paper primarily introduces geometrical. SOKIA SDL30M was tested in terms of the stadia distance survey, focusing quality, and survey rod-tilting extents in directions forward, backward, leftward and rightwad in experiment site, and compared with current leveler. The results of test were anlyzed. The conclusions are ： 1 ） the leveler precision is in agreement with the nominal one. 2） The stadia distance error is in direct proportion with the stadia distance and the relation is linear, in 100 m distance the error is less than 10 cm. 3 ） Focusing quality has little influnce on the survey result. 4） The rod-titing leftward and rightward within 2＂ gives error within 1 mm, when the tilting goes beyond 2＂, the error increases immediately. The rod-tilting forward and back-ward within 2＂gives error within 0. 2 ram, and beyond 2＂ error increases immediately. 5 ） The allowed coverage extent is related with the dis- tance, the nearer, the lower, the farther, the higher. 6） In leveling network the comparing survey shows the instrument can meet the requivement of 2＂a grade leveling survey. The precision is high and survey is fast.

关 键 词：电子水准仪 调焦质量 标尺倾斜 遮挡程度 

分 类 号：P224.1[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]