北京市建成区植物多样性及空间格局的初步分析  

The Plant Diversity and Its Spatial Pattern Analysis of Urban Built-up Areas in Beijing

作　　者：梁尧钦[1] 何学凯 叶頔[1] 李景文[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]黑龙江省东折棱河自然保护区,伊春153000

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2006年第13期1777-1784,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：教育部重点实验室项目(GJSYS100220402);北京市重点学科项目资助

摘　　要：城市绿化中生物多样性的保护是生态城市建设的重要指标,也是目前生物多样性研究的热点问题之一。根据北京市建成区“分散集团式”的布局特点以及新的“两轴两带多中心”的空间规划布局结构,采用机械布点法对小区、公园、街道、片林、机关附属绿地五种绿地类型分别进行了调查。研究结果表明:北京城区绿化植物中乡土植物占总物种数的68.2%。在各绿地类型中,公园绿地和小区绿地都具有较高的植物多样性,但公园绿地的乔木配置以及小区绿地的灌木配置还有进一步完善的空间;附属绿地各项指数居中;街道绿地植物多样性偏低,且行道树树种单一;片林多样性指数最低,且分布范围小。从植物分布空间上看,西城的植物多样性要高于其它城区,其次是北城、南城,东城物种丰富度最低;环线的植物空间格局呈现出中心城区与外缘城区植物多样性高,而中间相对较低的局面,其中四环植物多样性指数最低。可见,北京绿化需进一步增加物种丰富度,街道、片林绿地在这这一问题上尤为突出,同时东城区及四环周边应加强绿化种类的选择。Based on the ＂dispersed groups＂ distribution characteristic of the urban buih-up areas of Beijing and the new pattern of urban space planning of ＂two axles-two strips-some centers＂, systematic sampling survey on plant diversity was conducted in five different types of green-lands,sub-zones, streets, parks, greenbelts and attached green space, The results indicated that the number of indigenous plants is 68.2% of the total species in the urban built-up areas of Beijing. In all kinds of green-lands, the plant diversity indexes of parks and sub-zones are relatively higher, while the species configuration in the arbor layer of parks and that in the shrub layer of sub-zones needs some improvement. The diversity of the attached green spaces takes second place, and that of streets is the lower and simple, and that of greenbelts is the lowest with a small distribution areas. Analysis on the spatial pattern showed that, the plant diversity in the western area is relatively higher, and that of the northern and southern area is lower, and that of the eastern area is the lowest. The spatial pattern of the loop line areas showed that the order of different places on plant diversity is the 4th Ring Road area smaller Than areas between the 4th Ring Road and the central area smaller than the central area. It is obvious that urban greening should enhance species richness especially in areas like streets and greenbelts, and that should be more greening in the eastern area and the adjoining areas of the 4th Ring Road.

关 键 词：建成区 植物多样性 乡土植物 空间格局 

分 类 号：S725.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]