昆明市医疗废物焚烧处理的环境负荷评价  

Life Cycle Assessment on Incineration of Medical Waste in Kunming

作　　者：卿山[1] 王华[1] 吴桢芬[1] 赵鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学材料与冶金工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报》2006年第7期55-58,共4页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology

基　　金：教育部高校博士学科点专项科研基金(20040674005);云南省科技攻关项目(2003CX01)

摘　　要：为了减少焚烧处理医疗废物对环境造成的污染,提高焚烧效率,降低焚烧污染物的排放量,应用环境负荷评价(LCA)方法,对焚烧处理昆明市医疗废物进行了环境负荷评价。评价的结果显示,昆明市焚烧医疗废物焚烧处理的成本为1.37元/(人.年),能源消耗为99.6 MJ/(人.年),环境影响潜力为3.96×10-4。经对昆明市医疗废物焚烧处理进行盈亏分析,得到其盈亏平衡点为60.10%。在此基础上,提出了对昆明市医疗废物全过程可持续管理与处置的策略,即在生产设计阶段就考虑环境设计标准,设计合适的焚烧炉和最佳的焚烧工艺,选择最合适的医疗废物管理与焚烧条件。Incineration is an effective method for medical waste disposal, but incineration disposal would produce pollution substances such as flue gas and residue. In order to reduce the pollution resulted from incineration, increase the incineration efficiency and decrease the charge amount of incineration pollutants, it is necessary to adopt the method of life cycle assessment （LCA） to assess the environmental load of medical waste incineration disposal. The result shows that the treatment cost of med- ical waste incineration disposal is 1.37 RMB/（capita＂ year）, energy consumption is 99.6 MJ/（capita＂ year）, the environment effect is 3.96 ×10^-4. Based on the above, the strategy of sustaining management and disposal during the whole process of medical waste incineration is mentioned, that is to say, it is necessary to consider the standard of environmental design in production design stage and design the suitable incinerator and the best incineration technology, and choose the suitable management and incineration conditions of medical waste disposal.

关 键 词：医疗废物 焚烧 环境负荷评价 

分 类 号：X38[环境科学与工程—环境工程]